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Supported in part by NSF

Dynamic Matchmaking between Messages and Services in Multi-Agent Systems Muhammed Al-Muhammed David W. Embley Brigham Young University. Supported in part by NSF. Motivation. Agents cooperate to achieve goals Cooperation needs communication Communication possible if agents:

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Supported in part by NSF

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  1. Dynamic Matchmaking between Messages and Services inMulti-Agent SystemsMuhammed Al-MuhammedDavid W. EmbleyBrigham Young University Supported in part by NSF

  2. Motivation • Agents cooperate to achieve goals • Cooperation needs communication • Communication possible if agents: 1- share ontologies, 2- speak the same language, 3- pre-agree on message format.

  3. Agents must: 1- share ontologies, 2- speak the same language, 3- pre-agree on message format. The Problem Requiring these assumptions precludes agents from interoperating on the fly “The holy grail of semantic integration in architectures” is to “allow two agents to generate needed mappings between them on the fly without a priori agreement and without them having built-in knowledge of any common ontology.” [Uschold 02]

  4. This requires: • - Translating (developing mutual understanding) • Dynamically capturing a message’s semantics • Matching a message with a service The problem was, agents must: 1- share ontologies, 2- speak the same language, 3- pre-agree on message format. Solution • Eliminate all assumptions

  5. MatchMaking System (Initialization) MatchMaking System (MMS) Message-Service Matching Message Handling Global Ontology Response Handling Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Translation Repository Mapping Translation Service Analysis Agent LO: code Services

  6. ? ? ? ? ? Some Mapping Problems

  7. MatchMaking System (Initialization) MatchMaking System (MMS) Message-Service Matching Message Handling Global Ontology Response Handling Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Translation Repository Mapping Translation Service Analysis Agent LO: code Services

  8. Matchmaking System (Operation) KQML MMS MMS Message-Service Matching Message-Service Matching Message Handling Message Handling Global Ontology Global Ontology Response Handling Response Handling Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Translation Repository Translation Repository Mapping Mapping Translation Translation Service Analysis Service Analysis Agent1 LO: code Services Agent2 LO: code Services I need info about PCs Input:LowPrice=$500, HighPrice=$1000 Output: String Make, String Model,int Price Constraint:None

  9. Some Matching Problems Structural Differences Structural Differences Type Mismatch Units Data Format Unwanted Constraint Mismatch

  10. Matchmaking System (Operation) MMS MMS Message-Service Matching Message-Service Matching Message Handling Message Handling Global Ontology Global Ontology Response Handling Response Handling Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Translation Repository Translation Repository Mapping Mapping Translation Translation Service Analysis Service Analysis Agent1 LO: code Services Agent2 LO: code Services I need info about PCs Input:LowPrice=$500, HighPrice=$1000 Output: String Make, String Model,int Price Constraint:None

  11. Matchmaking System (Operation) MMS MMS Message-Service Matching Message-Service Matching Message Handling Message Handling Global Ontology Global Ontology Response Handling Response Handling Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Services (Agent- Independent Representation) Translation Repository Translation Repository Mapping Mapping Translation Translation Service Analysis Service Analysis Agent1 LO: code Services Agent2 LO: code Services I need info about PCs Input:LowPrice=$500, HighPrice=$1000 Output: String Make, String Model,int Price Constraint:None Price=1USD ……….

  12. Preliminary Results • MMS Implemented • Real-World Test Cases • Computer shopping • Book shopping • Meeting scheduling • Global Ontology Drawn from • Web sites (for shopping applications) • Individual user-chosen words and phrases (for scheduling) • Agents Coded wrt • Each Web site (for shopping applications) • Each individual’s worksheet (for scheduling) • Successful Agent Communication (using MMS)

  13. Contributions MMS • Dynamically generates mappings among agents • Simplifies agent communication • Simplifies a developer’s task • Increases message answering capabilities www.deg.byu.edu

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