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Baseload measures quantify, address, manage

Baseload measures quantify, address, manage. Presenter Todd Hoener, LEED a ccredited p rofessional End-use energy specialist Renewable energy program administrator Certified home energy rater & Light commercial energy auditor Golden Valley Electric Association Fairbanks, Alaska

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Baseload measures quantify, address, manage

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  1. Baseload measuresquantify, address, manage Presenter Todd Hoener, LEEDaccredited professional End-use energy specialist Renewable energy program administrator Certified home energy rater & Light commercial energy auditor Golden Valley Electric Association Fairbanks, Alaska 907 451 5607 w tmhoener@gmail.com 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  2. E 101: kWh = kilowatt-hour • Basic electric power unit = watt • One kilowatt (kW)= 1,000 watts • Meter records consumption period in kilowatts used = kilowatt-hours (kWh) • (kW) X (time, in hours) = kWh • People use & purchase kWhs • (kWh X $/kWh = $$$ owed electric utility) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  3. Kilowatts (kW) Fourteen 100-watt incandescent lamps One 1400-watt electric heater = 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  4. Kilowatt-hour (kWh) costs Example – An appliance name plate states “1,400 watts” (e.g. electric space heater): • 1,400 watts ÷ 1,000 watts (1 kW) = 1.4 kW • (1.4 kW) X 2 hours per morning = 2.8 kW-hours • 2.8 kWh X $0.11 (price of electricity per kWh) • = $0.308 (i.e., to heat space for 2 hours) • X 30 mornings per month = $9.24 per month • X 6 months per heating season = $55.44 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  5. National electric use According to US DOE EIA, in 2008, a U.S. residential utility customer annually used • 11,040 kWh, average annual electricity consumption • 920 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per month National daily average kWh use = • 30.2 kWh per day Highest average annual consumption state: Tennessee • 15,624 kWh, 42.8 daily kWh average Lowest: Maine • 6,252 kWh, 17.1 daily kWh average (US DOE EIA) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  6. What is “Baseload”? Baseload end use electricity • Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) • Generally, it represents all energy used to operate house, minus seasonal heating & cooling (peak use) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  7. Determining baseload use Separate total annual residential electricity consumption into baseload & seasonal: • Review last 12 monthly electric use (kWh). • Add 3 or 4 lowest monthly electric use (kWh) (obtained from billing statements). • Average monthly electricity usage from these lowest use months (kWh). • Multiply calculated monthly baseload average (kWh) by 12 = estimate annual baseload electric use (kWh). 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  8. Usage statement, or “the bill” Examine monthly statements Utility-to-utility, statements differ Rates may differ, but kWhs are fairly logical Usage statements offer information, trends Statements are personal & confidential; request permission to obtain 20080605 EOW Utility Bill Analysis Todd Hoener, energy end-use specialist 23 September 2014 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada 8

  9. 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

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  11. Baseload calculation example 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  12. Baseload calculation example 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  13. Electric baseload plugged in • Refrigerator • Water Heating • Lighting • Clothes Dryer • Freezer • Range Top • Color TV • Dishwasher • Oven • PC and Printer • Microwave Oven • VCR/DVD • Clothes Washer • Cable Box • Toaster Oven • Coffee Maker • Well Water Pump • Home Electronics • Stereo • Satellite Dish • Cordless Phone • Answering Machine • Waterbed Heater • Other End Uses 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  14. U.S. “30.2 kWh / day” breakdown 14% refrigerator 4.2 kWh 09% water heating 2.8 kWh 09 % lighting 2.7 kWh 06% clothes dryer 1.8 kWh 04% freezer 1.1 kWh 03% electric range 0.9 kWh 02.9% color TV 0.9 kWh 02.5% dishwasher 0.8 kWh 02% PC & printer 0.6 kWh 01.8% oven 0.5 kWh 1.7% microwave 0.5 kWh (US DOE EIA) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  15. Baseload only consumption 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  16. Refrigerator • 330 – 725 watts • Refrigerator removes heat from air with electric motor • Consume about 1/6th all electricity used in homes 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  17. Refrigerator: best practices • Fridge temp, 36 - 40F; freezer, 0 - 5F • Cool off hot foods • Thaw frozen foods in fridge; cool as they defrost • Not frost-free – defrost freezer before frost exceeds ¼” thick – frost makes freezer work harder • Clean coils & air intake every 6 months • Good gaskets – replace, if necessary • Placement – heat must escape freely • Keep from other heated objects • Keep at least ¾ full, but not stuffed (air flow) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  18. Refrigerator upgrade • Side-by-side models use more energy (at least 20% – up to 45%) • Size matters – as a rule, larger models use more energy to operate & more resources to build – select smallest size that fits need • Manual defrost use less electricity • Before 1993, replace (old models can use up to 50% more energy than new Energy Star) • Models sold after 2001 use 40% less than before • Energy Star 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  19. Refrigerator upgrade Two methods to estimate savings from replacing old refrigerator with a new efficient one: • Metering electricity usage • Using the database of estimated annual usage 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  20. Refrigerator usage: metering Metering electricity usage • Metering 2 hours is adequate • Start metering as soon as on site Some single device monitoring meters: • Watts up? & Watts up? Pro • Kill-A-Watt • Brand Power Meter • Others (“google”) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  21. Refrigerator defrost issue If older refrigerator being tested has a defrost heater, need to ensure it will not interfere with test. • Locate defrost timer, which controls the defrost heating cycle • Under cover plate or behind kick plate in front • Behind light panel or behind panel in roof of food compartment • Behind on back of fridge • Could be inaccessible “Incorporating Refrigerator Replacement into the Weatherization Assistance Program: Information Tool Kit,” US DoE, 19 November 2001 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  22. Electric water heater • 3,500 – 5,500 w • Electric water heating one of largest energy users in home 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  23. Best practices • Install insulation blanket (check specs, warnings) • Insulate at least first 5 feet of pipes • Water temperature: 125 F to 130 F • Check for leaks • Install low flow shower & faucet devices • Install controls (e.g., timer) & heat traps • Sediment: drain a quart every 3 months • Replace with more efficient heater • http://www.aceee.org/consumerguide 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  24. Possible upgrade • Energy factor ~ 0.95 • Marathon 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  25. Clothes dryer • 1,800 – 5,000 watts (typically, 4,500 w) • Clothes dryer typically one of biggest users after refrigerator, water heater (family size depends) • Dryers often inefficient because over-drying & not maintained 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  26. Best practices • Dry one full load after other – take advantage of retained heat • Be sure dryer vented properly – vent exhaust to outside, use straightest, shortest duct • Clean lint filter after every drying • Replace flex duct with smooth metal pipe • Clothes line outside, rack inside 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  27. TVs & peripherals • Cathode ray tube (CRT)(30”): 115w • Plasmas (42”–50”): 240w-400w • LCDs (32”-40”): 125w-200w • Rear projection sets (55”or>) 150w-200w cosnservingElectricity.com 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  28. TV power-saving tips • Turn TV & other connected devices off when not used • Power down other connected devices, like game consoles and DVD players • Turn off “Quick Start” option or something similar • Turn down LCD's backlight • Turn on power saver mode • Reduce light output with settings; control room lighting • Buy smaller screen • Watch TV together • Watch less TV • Purchase ENERGY STAR 4.0 compliant 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  29. Choice architecture affects baseload 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  30. Behavior strategies Behavioral economics, also “choice architecture” & “libertarian paternalism” – nudging humans to make better choices • Some experts estimate 20% of nations energy use can be controlled by behavior strategies • Best practices to leverage behavior combine strategies, all focusing on • what motivates individuals, • what is convenient & • what overcomes barriers 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  31. Behavior affects baseload • Baseload electricity end use is a function of people. • Reducing baseload use is not only people implementing energy efficiency technologies. • Reducing baseload also includes education, motivation, and reassessing each persons accountability. • It involves each person committing to take deliberate action upon any new and applicable awareness. 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  32. Behavior motivating menu Understanding what makes people act • Commitment & goal-setting • Social pressure, competition nature, perception others were participating • Structuring “opt out” choice as opposed to “opt in” • Customized information, direct appeals • Public campaigns engaging people • Regular feedback, charting progress • Rebates • Convenience 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  33. Controls affect baseload Electric water heater timer Electronic timer switch Surge protection power strip Vacancy switch Occupancy switch Photocell motion detectors 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  34. Efficiency branding tools Superb marketing tool now • Clothes washers • Refrigerators & freezers • Dishwashers • Computers, monitors, printers • LED lighting • energystar.gov for lots more 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  35. Information tools • EnergyGuide label provides • Energy consumption, usage estimates • Yearly operating cost estimates • ACEEE’s: Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  36. Determining electricity end use Nameplates & measuring Monitoring, data logging, load profiling Whole house, individual devices The house meter as a tool Watching & record keeping 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  37. Nameplate information • Lamp • 30w 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  38. Nameplate information 6.5 amps “about” (because it’s a motor) 6.5 X 120V = 780w 780/1000 = .78kW X 2 hours on = 1.6 kWh X $0.11 / kWh = $0.18 cost 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada 38

  39. Residential house meters • Three types typical residential meters • Meter measures usage, kWhs • Difference between prior & present readings = kWh used & purchased 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  40. A word about meter accuracy 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  41. Whole house monitoring • Reading TED • Monitor • 0.550 kW 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  42. Whole house monitoring • Reading TED • Computer dashboard • 0.550 kW 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  43. Device monitoring • Watts up? PRO • Monitoring the laptop • 23.4w 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  44. Device monitoring • Watts up? PRO • Screen display • Daily log • 4 days 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  45. Daily electricity use log: 2 months 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  46. 24-hr profile from monitoring 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  47. Charting daily log for trends 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  48. What is “normal” use? Depends. Lots of variables: Home alone? Everybody home? Operate a business in home? Never home? There is no “normal” use, but assessments & comparables may be drawn • Count up appliances & add up nameplates wattages • Monitor usage or control & log actions • Spot trends. Compare daily kWh averages & electricity use indexes (annual kWh / s.f.) • Start benchmarking (a dynamic activity that continually fine-tunes itself) 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  49. EOW daily kWh average 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

  50. Creating a context for comparing • Focus on baseload use, not total: separate • Focus on low-income households (weatherization target) • Construct a starting point framework called “benchmarking” using “electricity index” & “daily kWh average” to establish “normal”, “high”, or “low” use • This framework should be flexible & dynamic as more information is collected 2010 Energy OutWest Reno, Nevada

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