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Future platform technologies and architectures

ITU Workshop on “Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) for Telecommunication Ecosystems: from today’s realities to requirements and challenges of the future” (Geneva, Switzerland, 17 October 2011 ). Future platform technologies and architectures. Roberto Minerva, Manager of IC Scenarios

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Future platform technologies and architectures

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  1. ITU Workshop on “Service Delivery Platforms (SDP) for Telecommunication Ecosystems: from today’s realities to requirements and challenges of the future”(Geneva, Switzerland, 17 October 2011 ) Future platform technologies and architectures Roberto Minerva, Manager of IC Scenarios Telecom Italia – Future Centre

  2. Agenda • A New Context for Telecomms • Many paradoxes … • The Rising Importance of Data • IoT and Data • Personal Data = Data + Identity • Deriving some requirements for Operators’ Platforms R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  3. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre A New Context for Telecomms

  4. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Towards 2020: the future of networks Fiber reaches a large part of homes and enterprises, it guarantees: Unlimited bandwidth Low cost per bit Everywhere connectivity flat rate also for mobile User is ABC (Always Best Connected) Transparent Connectivity (user always connected at the lower prices and best bandwidth) Strong Integration (at the terminal level) between mobile and fixed networks Cognitive Radio (terminals adapt to the available networks) Rapid change of Providers Dynamic Business Models Users connected to smaller, more efficient and cheaper cell Importance of Data Seamless access to personal data Capability to dynamically create, aggregate and update personal data New data type and data sets Integration between real and virtual related data User controlled access to data Services strongly related to users and their social relationships Identity Management and their association to Biometric techniques Different roles and identities per user Diminishing role of SIMs Fundamental Role of Terminals Abundance of Storage (1TB in the terminal, toward infinite in the network?) High processing Capabilities in the terminals (context controlled locally by the terminal) Capability to interoperate will be embedded in terminals and will be downloadable OTA Software embedded in the terminal makes the device more a personal service platform than a product. They will be personalized according to the specific user needs Pervasive Communication Ubiquitous connectivity Broad classes of communicating objects (smart object, beacons, smart materials, sensors, micromachinery, ...) Explosion of Augmented Reality and Internet of Things applications Connectivity is a commodity Terminals are flexible and personal service platforms Data center larger and larger

  5. Difference on Services R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre WebCos work on DATA Telecoms work on BITS

  6. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Two Operators Problems € New Services New Revenue Streams SMART OPERATOR Revenue Cut Costs Optimize LEAN OPERATOR Bit Pipe t 2015

  7. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Two approaches Lean Operator Smart Operator • Networks will become highly dynamic Complex Systems made out of many heterogeneous networks, systems and intelligent endpoints • Complexity will result in: • Costly infrastructure difficult to install, manage and integrate • Lack of optimization of usage of resources • Lack of knowledge of the “network" as a whole and how it is globally and locally behaving in supporting customers requests • Decoupling Services from the Network • Global reach independent of the access network; • mashup of local and global resources (Net of Nets) • Provide Global Services • the long tail is much bigger • because the marginal costs of a global solution are smaller (Skype: the costs for building a global software are marginal) 0-Touch Networks De-perimeterization of Services  a Network Operating System

  8. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre New Classes of Services Internet of Things Extended Reality Social Media e-Government Data … (what’ s this?) Always Best Connected (ABC) Evolution of VPNs Smart Operator Lean Operator

  9. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Building a Data Path for Operators Exploit data related opportunities Move from Bits to Management of Information

  10. The network itself is asource of Information

  11. Mining the Operators Gold Mines Personal Data allow for Profiling the User CDR data Location Related info Usage of Internet Connectivity IPTV usage ... Statistical Data (related to more than one user) Usage of Network Resources Location Information and mobs movement ... Technologies Data Mining Reasoning Derive Data from Uncertainty Neutralization http://www.seshat.ch/home/geom06.htm

  12. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Internet of Things

  13. Objects, Terminals, Networks as Personal Info Producers Intelligent Terminals Smart Objects NFC, Wifi, UWB, BT, … 3G, 4G, other public nets, … Servers Servers Servers Servers Servers R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  14. How Many Nodes, How Many Messages, How Much Bandwidth ? 10 M Aggregators Message size: 10 kB Millions GB/Year 3 10 100 600 1000 1440 Message / Day Issue: low average traffic, but highly impulsive traffic (e.g., SPIKES: all objects wake up at 3 a.m. and send high priority messages) Likely the communications between nodes will be framed into B2B2C relationships Many objects/nodes will come with communications already paid for (I.e., embedded communications) Equivalent Volume as the one generated by 20 M users (3 min phone call per day) Operators should try to be Aggregators by providing real-time messaging engines (e.g., based on PubSub), by creating communities, and by supporting the deployment of the infrastructure (at home and in the public domain)

  15. Where is the Value then ? Knowledge Information Data • Relationships • Inference • Aggregation • Personalization R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  16. Some Issues with networked data R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  17. A First Issue: proper Management of Personal Data Volunteered data: created and explicitly shared by individuals Observed data: captured by recording the actions of individuals Inferred data: based on analysis of volunteered or observed information; Excerpt form: “Personal Data - The Emergence of a New Asset Class” (WEF) Source: Bain & Company A “user-centric personal data eco-system” (WEForum) Personal Data should be properly managed R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  18. But what is the Value of Personal Data? • The value of the single datum depends on the usage context: • The kind of collected datum: V(CreditCard) > V(SocialSecurityNumber) • Time reference: V(CreditCard, today)>> V(CreditCard, 4years ago) • The value of the Person in the usage context: • Importance of the person V(CreditCard, SB) >> V(CreditCard, RM) • The linkage of the datum • The connection of the datum and the person: • How many data can be connected to the datum (es.: FoaF) • Is the datum owner well connected (a Hub kind of person)V(a) > V(b) • How much data (derived from http://www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/2009/04/27/intranet-roi/) • Metcalfe’s Law: n(n-1)/2 • Reed’s Law: 2n – n-1 • Briscoe, Odlyzko, and Tilly Law: n log (n) • Beckstrom Law: V = ΣB – ΣC

  19. Identity of Things • Each Resource is addressable • Each resource is CONNECTED • Connectivity must be guaranteed in a variety of environments • Secure Links have to be guaranteed • Each Resource can be associated to a User (Identity) • Who owns these relations :UserId - Location - ResourceId - data used/generated ? • Things can collect user related actions and data • Each Thing can be used for tracking Users • Owners of Things can collect a lot of data

  20. Dealing with Data: Data Anonimization, Contracts and Contextualization R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  21. Nodes will connect each other in unpredictable ways • Many Objects scattered in the env (with local communication) • Some Aggregators gathering and dispatching information • Networks to cross Aggregation 2 1 2 Aggregation 1 Increasing richness and complexity at the edge of (Operators’) networks Aggregation 3 3 Node Aggregation at time t1 Network 1 Aggregation 2 3 Aggregation 1 2 http://muxware.net/sol_mesh.php Node Aggregation at time t2

  22. A Second Issue: Complexity is moving to the edge R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre • Functionalities and data generation/consumption and storage in the edge • Networks will comprise smart objects and processing, storage, communication resources • Data and Info will be the user target and not mere connectivity • Complexity coalesces at the edges (more nodes and more capabilities) • While big networks are flattening and becoming simpler (less nodes) • Local aggregation vs. average coverage • Aggregation of intelligent points will be mainly unpredictable and even if high average connectivity capabilities will be provided, such a dynamic concentration will challenge the networks capabilities • Competition for scarce resources for a limited period of time • Terminals will have a key role • Terminals as an integral part of the communication environment • Mobility will be assumed for the majority of terminals • Need to control new complex systems without human intervention • The Operator's network needs to support and help in this new context

  23. Dealing with Complexity at the edge: Self-Organization of Networks • Management of complex and dynamic “Network s of Networks” will be critical • No human intervention possible • Competition on resources • Require • Self-organization • Game theory techniques for highly distributed systems http://innovation.gsa.gov/blogs/OCIO.nsf/dx/Management-Innovators-Bookshelf-Small-Pieces-Loosely-Joined-A-Unified-Theory-of-the-Web-by-David-Weinberger-2002 R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  24. A Tussle: Future Internet and Identity R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre • There is a need for an Identity Layer in the Future Internet • For identify people • For identify things • To relate things, people and places • For freeing people from Identity Providers • People have the right to exist independently from a provider • People are the owners of their identity (and names), homonymies should be managed in a far way (way just one Mario Rossi when there are plenty …) • Open framework • Many options, and, in certain circumstances, support for Certification by a provider (a bank), the government, others • Need for a lot of standardization and discussion • Need to safeguard and protect the ownership of data

  25. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre A Bit of Technology

  26. Current Paradigms are not future proof Control Layer Network Intelligence (e.g., IMS) is a hierarchical model based on the assumption that control has to be exerted by a few specialized control nodes Resources Physical Layer Client – Server model totally disregards the network aspects and can easily lead to a tragedy of commons (misuse of common networking resources) Server Client network R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  27. Ossification of Internet and Perspective for the Future Internet • Security. Currently it is tackled as an issue at the edge, while the network(s) could contribute to relieve some issues (e.g., DDOS) • Mobility, the current Internet has not been designed for an optimal management of mobility, the Future Internet has to deal with a multitude of highly mobile objects (mobility built in) • Network Identity, Users are not recognized and managed in the network, they are managed only at the edges (specific servers or applications) • Integration of Applications and Transport/Control Layers. Currently there are not consolidated interfaces that allow for a better cooperation between the Network and the Apps. Many applications do not use resources properly (e.g., p2p applications do retrieve data from far away hosts) • Edges are becoming themselves Networks. There is the need to understand and manage the dynamics around Networks of Networks: i.e., complex systems that impulsively request resources and use them while these resources have been designed to support statistically determined needs • Focus on data and info and not on transport of bits

  28. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Enabling technologies • autonomic capabilities and bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., gossiping, self-organization algorithms), to deal with complexity; • (self-organized) P2P overlays for clustering components, to guarantee scalability, reliability, and abstraction from underlying network; • resources virtualization, based on abstraction for coping with heterogeneity and on the definition of dynamic slices for multiple allocations; • programmable “intelligent” mechanisms, e.g., based on auctions, game theory, etc., for optimized resource allocation and use; • cognitive cross layering, to allow the network to perceive conditions, decide and act autonomically to reach local/global/end-to-end goals in an optimal way, in cooperation with autonomic and self-organizing behavior of resources; • grid Computing to better integrate different resources (computing storage and network and to integrate new ones (sensors., actuators, micromachinery, ...) • Information centric networking to better collect and use the needed wanted data information

  29. New Control Patterns: Publish – Subscribe Model • New Control Patterns that exceed the client-server and the “network intelligence” models • Transaction oriented processing • PubSub Google code: PubSUb Hubbub R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  30. Information Centric Networking http://www.xerox.com/innovation/news-stories/networking/enus.html http://www.4ward-project.eu/index.php?id=29 4ward project: in this paradigm, the communication abstraction presented to applications is based on transfer of application data objects instead of the end-to-end reliable byte-stream used by the majority of applications today. Content Centric Networking A Self-Organizing Network ThatMeets Information Needs WhatIsIt?A new approach to networking thatenables networks to self-organize and pushrelevantcontentwhereneeded.Content-centric networking enablescommunication to happenanywhere, anytime, and with anydevice - usinganyavailablemeans. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  31. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre What Role and Architecture for Operators ?

  32. A New Layering • Infrastructure: • Fibre everywhere • Wireless Drop termination • MultiTera in the Core • Gbps in wired access, 10Mbps wireless • Flat Architecture, IPv6 on the core optical layer • Intelligence: • Customer & Context Awareness • Service Platforms • Overlay Networks • Autonomic Behavior • Resources Virtualization TELECOM ITALIA Resources Pooling from several Ownership Domains R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  33. Operator’s Strategies Service Provider Service Enabler BIT Carrier TELECOM ITALIA The Network Architecture is influenced by the Operator’s Strategy

  34. Choose Your Role andYour Network R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre Bit Carrier • Transport the data • in the better way for the customer • Helping Customer in retrieving INFORMATION • Ease the work of finding data and information, linking them into something meaningful and manage them Be good to transport lots of bits Platform Provider Build a Data oriented Platform (new networking + data handling) for others to use Service Provider Transform Data into Information and create plenty of services by means of meaningful interfaces

  35. A Bit CarrierNetwork Residential Access Edge Subscriber Core Aggregation Content Provider Generalized Control Plane Fiber Core DWDM Metro DWDM Billing AAA Monitoring Addressing Mobility Identity QoS / Policy Subscriber Mngmt Functions IX Business IP Carrier Layer 3 / IP Switch eNB Layer 2 Carrier Transport TELECOM ITALIA Focus onTRANSPORT Few basicSERVICES Control Platf.BASIC R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  36. Service Enabler’sNetwork (a Network Operating System) processing Addressing Content Provider Fiber Edge Aggregation Access Core Subscriber Core DWDM Metro DWDM ... AAA Storage ... Meta dati MOBILITY Data Center IT/BSS/OSS Negotiation/Bid Allocation/ Integration FastSwitchingCore IX New Networking Models beyond IP towards Information Centric Networking Information-centric Edge IP Carrier TELECOM ITALIA Platform APIs • High Value Funct.by the NETWORK • Information CentricNETWORK • Beyond the CLIENT-SERVERmodel • Customised levelsof API • Control functions in the NETWORK • New Communic. ModelsPUB-SUBSCRIBE • Integration with other NETWORKS and TERMINALS Abstraction System APIs Virtualized Resource Control Plane (Network OS) New functions Existing functions Layer 3 / IP Legacy External Clouds Switch eNB Layer 2 Carrier Transport R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

  37. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre How The Network Could Look Like Telecom Services Third Party Servics Other Service EcoSystems Virtual Env.ss RetailEvolution Future Learning Service Provider Future of Energy Enterprise Processes Ecosystem of Services Other Plarforms Service Enabler Overlays of autonomic virtualized components and Data Virtualization Layer General Control and Management (Zero Touch) Customer Owned and Shared: Terminals/ PCs/gateways/ sensors/ Wifi / … Customer owned: Networks/ NASes / Routers / … Customer owned: Data Centers/ Servers / IT Resources / … Other Resources (not shared) IP Platform ACCESS Wireless Optical Platform Fixed (Fiber) Core Aggregation Edge Bit Carrier Shared and virtualized device/reource Complex Devices/Networks Simple Devices/Networks Other resources

  38. R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre My 2 ¢suggestions What T.I. is doing What should be done Future Internet will be dominated by Tussles: looking at networks and architecture with more user flavor (involving more user associations ?) Propose an open framework for Identity and related issues (profiling, data ownership,…) Push for a shift from bits to data and ICN A Great Initiative for User Controlled Network of Networks and Data ? • Working on alternative models for dealing with personal data • Working on a Network OS with open APIs • Working on zero-touch networks (e.g., AFI) • Working on ICN (European projects) • Working on a new view of Identity

  39. Thank you! Roberto Minerva TORINO - Italy Phone: +39 011 228 7027 Email: roberto.minerva@telecomitalia.com R. Minerva, Telecom Italia / Future Centre

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