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T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e ARC 101 Roman Archaeology On-Site

Session 1 Roman Archaeology & History An Introduction http://www.tiwanakuarcheo.net/rome. T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e ARC 101 Roman Archaeology On-Site. Forum Student 1: Ritual Markers in the Forum and Palatine. Student 2: The Roman Basilicas. Colosseum

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T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m e ARC 101 Roman Archaeology On-Site

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  1. Session 1 Roman Archaeology & History An Introduction http://www.tiwanakuarcheo.net/rome T h e A m e r i c a n U n i v e r s i t y o f R o m eARC 101 Roman Archaeology On-Site

  2. Forum Student 1: Ritual Markers in the Forum and Palatine. Student 2: The Roman Basilicas. Colosseum Student 3: The Roman Monarchy & Republic. Student 4: Entertainment and Sports in Rome. Capitoline Museums Student 5: The evolution from Etruscan/Latin art to Greco-Roman art. Student 6: Roman religion & the Capitoline Triad.

  3. Celio Student 7: The Imperial Palace: General features. Student 8: Urban living in Rome: The Insula. Terme di Diocleziano Student 9: The Patricians, the plebs and their power. Student 10: Roman religious rituals. Palazzo Massimo Student 11: Incidents in the Roman Republic towards the empire. Student 12: Mural painting in Rome (includes Pompei).

  4. Campus Martius I Student 13: Mystery religions: The Cult of Mithras and other Asian cults. Student 14: Temples and priests in Rome. Campus Martius II Student 15: The Theaters of Rome. Student 16: The Jewish and Christian faiths in Rome. Palazzo Valentini Student 19: Commerce in the city of Rome. Student 20: The Start of the empire: Transition from Julius Caesar to Augustus

  5. Imperial Fora Student 21: The evolution of the Forum…from “Roman” to Imperial Student 22: Rome after Trajan and beyond, urban planning. Terme di Caracalla Student 23: Water management in Rome. Student 24: The Baths and Waterworks in Rome. The Arches Student 25: Constantine’s politics & the fate of Rome. Student 26: Evolution from Roman to Christian Architecture and Art.

  6. Early Christian Churches Student 25: Santa Maria Maggiore and the Christian basilica. Student 26: The evolution of Rome as seen in San Clemente

  7. Recommended extra-curricular visits • Centrale Montemartini (with museum ticket) • Palazzo Altemps (with museum ticket) • Via Appia and Villa dei Quintili (with Caracalla ticket) • Sala Octogona – Terme di Diocleziano (free) • Tivoli: Palace of Hadrian • Prenestina • Ostia Antica

  8. The Roman World I: Expansion in Italy, 485-265 B.C. Source: From Coffin & Stacey. Western Civilizations. Vol. 1. 2005; p.172.

  9. The Roman World II: The Expansion of Rome 264-44 B.C. Source: From Coffin & Stacey. Western Civilizations. Vol. 1. 2005; p.177. .

  10. The RW III: The Empire at its greatest extent, 97-117 A.D. Source: From Coffin & Stacey. Western Civilizations. Vol. 1. 2005; p.187. .

  11. The RW IV: Diocletian’s Division of the Empire, 285-305 A.D. Source: From Coffin & Stacey. Western Civilizations. Vol. 1. 2005; p.187. .

  12. Rome and its vertical scale: stratigraphy Up to 45ft

  13. Horti Sallustani

  14. Horizontal stratigraphy

  15. The numbers in (perhaps) the greatest city in antiquity The “regional catalogues” indicate a number of 46602 insulae & 1797 domus. A population of 1.2 million by A.D. 200. & a size of 2000 ha 46 lupanar , 28 libraries , 42 arches , 9 bridges , 37 gates , 19 aqueducts , 1352 fountains , 2 amphitheaters , 5 circuses , 2 naumachia , 3 theaters , 1 odeon , 1 stadium , 204 ovens-bakeries , 2300 oil depots , 44 latrines , 355 storage areas or horreas , 22 caserns

  16. Lines of evidence to understand Roman society The map http://formaurbis.stanford.edu/index.html

  17. The archaeology of Rome: Five centuries of discoveries 2003 1506

  18. Roman archaeology and archaeological process > Mound formation: > natural deposition, dust & organic matter > abandonment ... Varying size of the city, II century vs. X century … Loss of political, administrative and artistic importance … Constantine and the new directions of the empire … Barbarians and Western empire

  19. A block of Rome evolving through time: Imperial age

  20. The Late Antiquity Period: VI century

  21. The Middle Ages: X century

  22. The Middle Ages: XIV century

  23. Roman archaeology and sources of evidence > Dating Roman structures: coins > Documents, literature & daily life accounts: Cicero, Julius Caesar, Pliny, Horace, Virgil, Seneca, Sallust, Suetonius > Forma urbis > Archaeology : sculptures, art and beyond > Epigraphy on buildings and monuments

  24. TIMELINE Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/rome_timeline.shtml

  25. Chronology: General Political Evolution > Foundation of the city and 753 BCestablishment of the monarchy> Roman Republic established ca 500> Establishment of the Latin Right 493> Law of the 12 tables 450 > Equestrian order established ca 300 > Concilium Plebis gains power 287> Empire established 27> Golden Age of Rome 100-185 AD> Diocletian partitions the empire 285 AD > Constantine and the decline 320 AD> Fall of the Western Empire 476 AD

  26. Chronology: Wars and Expansion > Against its neighbors, initial expansion, monarchy > 1st Samnite war 343-341 > The Latin War, 340-338 > 2nd & 3rd Samnite wars 329-290 > The Punic Wars: Carthage 1st 264-241 / 2nd 218-201 / 3rd149-146 “Delenda est Cartago” as the Cato the Great repeated constantly…Carthage must be destroyed

  27. Chronology: Social issues of the Republic > Slaves revolt In Sicily 134-104> Gracchian reforms 133-122> Rule of Marius 107-100, 86> Marsian War, revolts, rights 91-87 > Sulla dictator, aristocracy 82 > Spartacus leads slave revolt 73-71> 1st Triumvirate, JC P C 60> Pompey becomes sole consul 52> Caesar becomes sole consul 48> Caesar becomes sole dictator 46> J.C., Dictator, assassinated 44 > 2nd Triumvirate, O MA L 42-31> Octavian becomes sole consul 27

  28. Hierarchical system Patricians Plebeians Equestrian class, commercial Freedmen / Libertos Foreigners Slaves

  29. On site classes and handouts > Museums > Archaeological sites (in the city, in parks, in museums, or under churches) Handouts Evidence in the field will be “handled” in four steps, 4 Keywords: Historical context – EvaluationAppraisal - Comparison

  30. 3 themes: History: event, place in the timeline Art: movable-portable artifacts or objects Architecture: buildings and evidence for the Classical city of Rome We will conclude by locating the evidence the saw in class in the Timeline

  31. Rome on the Web dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Forum/timemap formaurbis.stanford.edu www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz/Herculaneum

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