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XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

XML (eXtensible Markup Language). DB niky 10/29/1999. Outline. Two examples History Logical and Physical Structure Element (logical structure) Attribute (logical structure) Entity (physical structure) Notation (physical structure) Include && Ignore (logical structure). Two examples.

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XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

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  1. XML (eXtensible Markup Language) DB niky 10/29/1999

  2. Outline • Two examples • History • Logical and Physical Structure • Element (logical structure) • Attribute (logical structure) • Entity (physical structure) • Notation (physical structure) • Include && Ignore (logical structure)

  3. Two examples A book Example: HTML, XML An e-mail example: XML, HTML 資料與顯示分開，可以單獨修改 文件具自我描述能力 valid, well-formed

  4. History • SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) 1986 too complex • HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) 1991 an application of SGML SGML context free grammar DTD c grammar HTML c program • XML (eXtensible Markup Language) 1996 a subset of SGML

  5. Logical and Physical Structure Logical Structure: the markup used to indicate the kinds of information stored in a document and their relationship a book: title, chapters, paragraphs Physical Structure: If a document stores information in files, the markup will identify the files and their location. store XML text(parsed) or non-XML text(unparsed) reuse data

  6. Element(logical structure) <!ELEMENT ElementName ContentSpecification> ContentSpecification: EMPTY ANY #PCDATA children Mixed Content example…

  7. Attribute(logical structure) <!ATTLIST ElementName AttributeName Type Default> Type: ID IDREF IDREFS CDATA(字元資料) ENTITY ENTITIES NMTOKEN NMTOKENS(字母,數字,虛線,冒號,底線) NOTATION Enumerated <!ATTLIST EMAIL LANGUAGE (Western|Greek|Latin|Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL|LOW|HIGH) "NORMAL">

  8. Default: #REQUIRED #IMPLIED Default #FIXED FixedValue

  9. Entity(physical structure) <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Bill"> <!ENTITY Image SYSTEM “Image.gif” NDATA GIF> <!ENTITY % tabledecls SYSTEM “cals.dtd”> parsed, unparsed internal, external general, parameter <!ENTITY EntityName EntityDefinition> <!ENTITY % EntityName EntityDefinition> EntityDefinition: EntityValue | ExternalID

  10. Reference in Content (in DTD) <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Bill"> (in Document) <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> (result) <BODY> Hello, this is Bill. Take care, -Bill </BODY>

  11. Reference in Attribute ValueReference as Attribute Value (in DTD) <!ENTITY gEnt “Spanish”> <!ENTITY unparsedEnt SYSTEM “clown.jpg” NDATA JPEG> <!ATTLIST para style CDATA #IMPLIED picfile ENTITY #IMPLIED> (in Document) <para style=“n &gEnt;” picfile=“unparsedEnt”> (result) <para style=“n Spanish” picfile=“unparsedEnt”>

  12. Reference in Entity Value <!ENTITY gEnt1 “Spanish”> <!ENTITY gEnt2 “English”> <!ENTITY gEnt3 “&gEnt1; and &gEnt2;> <!ENTITY % pEnt “Chinese”> <!ENTITY gEnt4 “Language: %pEnt;”> (result) <!ENTITY gEnt3 “&gEnt1; and &gEnt2;> <---- Bypassed <!ENTITY gEnt4 “Language: Chinese”>

  13. Reference in DTD <!ENTITY % ent1 “para”> <!ELEMENT notice (title, %ent1;)> (result) <!ELEMENT notice (title, para)> <!ENTITY % ent1 “ra”> <!ELEMENT notice (title, pa%ent1;)> (result) <!ELEMENT notice (title, pa ra)> <--- Won’t work. <--- Included as PE

  14. Notation(physical structure) (in DTD) <!NOTATION JPEG SYSTEM “jpegviewer.exe”> <!NOTATION JPEG SYSTEM “Joint Photographic Experts Group”>

  15. Include && Ignore(logical structure) <![INCLUDE [DTD section]]> <![IGNORE [DTD section]]> (in DTD) <!ENTITY % SUCURE “IGNORE”> <!ENTITY % UNSUCURE “INCLUDE”> <![%SECURE; [any number of declarations]]> <![%UNSECURE; [any number of declarations]]>

  16. Element <!ELEMENT note (img?, para, desc)> <!ELEMENT img EMPTY> <!ELEMENT para (#PCDATA | img) *> <!ELEMENT desc ANY> back

  17. Attribute <!ATTLIST poem author NMTOKEN #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST verse flavor (chocolate | mint) “mint” hatsize CDATA #IMPLIED> <!NOTATION JPEG SYSTEM “jpgview.exe”> <!ENTITY clownpic SYSTEM “clown.jpg” NDATA JPEG> <!ELEMENT illustration EMPTY> <!ATTLIST illustration picfile ENTITY #REQUIRED> <illustration picfile=“clownpic”/> back

  18. ID IDREFS (in DTD) <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST title pics IDEREFS #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT picture (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST picture uid ID #REQUIRED> (in Document) <title pics=“y1 y2 y3”> My Vacation </title> <picture uid=“y1”> La Brea Tar Pits </picture> <picture uid=“y2”> Land of Little Horses </picture> <picture uid=“y3”> South of the Border </picture> back

  19. <h1> 推薦叢書 </h1> <table border=1 cellpadding=5> <tr> <th> 名稱 </th> <th> 作者 </th> <th> 售價 (新台幣) </th> </tr> <tr> <td> 煞死你的網頁設計絕招 </td> <td> 胭脂虎 </td> <td align="right"> 590 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 如何在 7-11 白吃白喝 </td> <td> 無名氏 </td> <td align="right"> 120 </td> </tr> </table> ie5

  20. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="Big5"?> <推薦叢書> <書籍> <名稱> 煞死你的網頁設計絕招 </名稱> <作者> 胭脂虎 </作者> <售價 貨幣單位="新台幣"> 590 </售價> </書籍> <書籍> <名稱> 如何在 7-11 白吃白喝 </名稱> <作者> 無名氏 </作者> <售價 貨幣單位="新台幣"> 120 </售價> </書籍> </推薦叢書> ie5

  21. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="Big5"?> <!ELEMENT 推薦叢書 (書籍*)> <!ELEMENT 書籍 (名稱, 作者+, 售價*)> <!ELEMENT 名稱 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT 作者 (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT 售價 (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST 售價 貨幣單位 (新台幣|人民幣|港幣| 美元) "新台幣">

  22. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="Big5"?> <!DOCTYPE 推薦叢書 SYSTEM "example2.dtd"> <推薦叢書> <書籍> <名稱> 煞死你的網頁設計絕招 </名稱> <作者> 胭脂虎 </作者> <售價 貨幣單位="新台幣"> 590 </售價> </書籍> <書籍> <名稱> 如何在 7-11 白吃白喝 </名稱> <作者> 無名氏 </作者> <售價 貨幣單位="新台幣"> 120 </售價> </書籍> </推薦叢書> back

  23. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE EMAIL [ <!ELEMENT EMAIL (TO, FROM, CC, SUBJECT, BODY)> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> ]>

  24. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE EMAIL SYSTEM “email.dtd"> <EMAIL> <TO>Jodie@msn.com</TO> <FROM>Bill@msn.com</FROM> <CC>Philip@msn.com</CC> <SUBJECT> My First DTD </SUBJECT> <BODY> Hello, World! </BODY> </EMAIL>

  25. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!ELEMENT EMAIL (TO+, FROM, CC*, BCC*, SUBJECT?, BODY?)> <!ATTLIST EMAIL LANGUAGE (Western|Greek|Latin|Universal) "Western" ENCRYPTED CDATA #IMPLIED PRIORITY (NORMAL|LOW|HIGH) "NORMAL"> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT CC (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BCC (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST BCC HIDDEN CDATA #FIXED "TRUE"> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Bill"> back

  26. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE EMAIL SYSTEM “email.dtd"> <EMAIL LANGUAGE="Western" ENCRYPTED="128" PRIORITY="HIGH"> <TO>Jodie@msn.com</TO> <FROM>&SIGNATURE;@msn.com</FROM> <CC>Philip@msn.com</CC> <BCC>Naomi@msn.com</BCC> <SUBJECT>Sample Document with External DTD</SUBJECT> <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> </EMAIL> ie5

  27. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE EMAIL SYSTEM "Lst4_4.dtd" [ <!ENTITY SIGNATURE "Joe"> ]> <EMAIL LANGUAGE="Western" ENCRYPTED="128" PRIORITY="HIGH"> <TO>Jodie@msn.com</TO> <FROM>&SIGNATURE;@msn.com</FROM> <CC>Philip @msn.com</CC> <BCC>Naomi@msn.com</BCC> <SUBJECT>Sample Document with External DTD</SUBJECT> <BODY> Hello, this is &SIGNATURE;. Take care, -&SIGNATURE; </BODY> </EMAIL> ie5back

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