Unit 2

1. Unit 2 Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging

2. Surgical Terminology • Surgery • Important medical treatment tool • Procedures include: • Incision • Excision • Repair • Replacement

3. Surgical Terminology • Surgery • Procedures include: • Destruction • Ablation • Cauterization • Introduction • Dilation

4. Surgical Suffixes • Origin • Greek • tomos = cut • Examples: • -tome = instrument used to cut slices • -tomy = cut into, incise, or incision • -ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision • -ostomy = cut a new surgical opening

5. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Examples: • derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin • gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach • duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum • col/ostomy = creating opening in colon

6. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: • gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach • gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach • gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach

7. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • One word root with various procedures • Examples: • col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon • col/o/tomy = incision into colon • col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon

8. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes • Two word roots with various procedures • Examples: • gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum • gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum • gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum

9. Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

10. Diagnostic Imaging • Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions • Imaging suffixes include: • -gram = picture or record • -graph = instrument to record image of data • -graphy = process of recording image of data

11. Building Words with Imaging Suffixes • Examples: • electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart • electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart • electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart

12. Tomography • tom/o = combining form for cut • -graphy = process of recording image of data • tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body

13. Tomography Procedures • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • Computed tomography (CT) scan • Also known as CAT scan • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan • Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

14. MRI

15. CAT Scan

16. PET Scan

17. Imaging Combining Forms • son/o = sound • Examples: • son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves • son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves • son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography

18. Imaging Combining Forms • ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves • Examples: • ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart • ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram • ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image

19. Imaging Combining Forms • radi/o = radiation or x-rays • Examples: • radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays • radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays • radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays • radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays

20. Word Parts for Colors jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood

21. Building Words With Color • Examples: • leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin • Also known as vitiligo • melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin • erythr/o/derma = red skin • cyan/o/derma = blue skin • xanth/o/derma = yellow skin

22. Structures of the Skin

23. Animation Click Here to Play Skin Animation

24. Building Words With Color • Examples: • melan/o/cyte = black cell • melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell • acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities • erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition

25. Hematology • hemat/o = blood • Examples: • hemat/o/logy = study of blood • hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood • hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood

26. Blood Conditions • -emia = blood condition • Examples: • an/emia = lack of blood • xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood • Yellow • erythr/emia = abnormally red blood • chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood • Green

27. Cells • Smallest structural units of all living things • cyt/o = combining form for cell • -cyte = suffix for cell

28. Cells • Examples: • cyt/o/logy = study of cells • cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells • cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells • cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells • cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides

29. White Blood Cells (WBCs) • leuk/o/cyte = WBC • Examples: • leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs • leuk/emia = condition of WBCs • Blood cancer • leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs

30. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • erythr/o/cyte = RBC • Examples: • erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs • erythr/o/blast = immature RBC • erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes • erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes

31. Blood-Clotting Cells • thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell • Also known as platelet • Examples: • thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes • thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes

32. Lymphatic System • Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs • Purpose: • Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections • lymph/o = combining form

33. Lymphatic System • Examples: • lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system • lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels • acutelymph/o/cy/ticleukemia = disease involving lymphocytes

34. Animation Click Here to Play Lymphatic System Animation

35. Tissues • hist/o = tissue • Examples: • hist/o/blast = immature tissue • hist/o/logy = study of tissues • hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues • hist/o/cyte = tissue cell

36. Small Intestine • Duodenum • First part of small intestine beyond stomach • duoden/o = combining form • Examples: • duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum • duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum • duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum

37. Heart • cardi/o and card/o = combining forms • Examples: • cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions • card/itis = inflammation of heart • electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart

38. Enlarged • megal/o = combining form for enlarged • -megaly = suffix for enlarged • Examples: • cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen • megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart

39. Enlarged • Examples: • megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach • gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach • megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur • mania = madness

40. Disease • -pathy = suffix meaning disease • path/o = combining form for disease • Examples: • path/o/logy = study of disease • path/o/logist = one who studies disease • eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease

41. Pain • -algia = suffix for pain • Examples: • cardi/algia = heart pain • gastr/algia = stomach pain

42. Synonyms • Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning • megal/o = enlarged • -megaly = enlarged • Examples: • megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach • gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

43. Forming Medical Terms • Word root + suffix • Examples: • dermat/itis • cyan/osis • duoden/al

44. Forming Medical Terms • Any number of word roots + suffix • Examples: • gastr/o/duoden/ostomy • gastr/o/duoden/ectomy

45. Forming Medical Terms

46. Forming Medical Terms • Combining form + suffix • Examples: • acr/o/cyan/osis • leuk/o/cyte

47. Forming Medical Terms • Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix • Examples: • leuk/o/cyt/o/penia • electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

48. Animation Click Here to Play Combining Word Roots Animation