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European Expansion and Discovery: The Age of Exploration and Its Consequences

This lecture explores the significant period of European expansion and discovery from the 11th to the 16th centuries. Key topics include the advancements in technology, the rise of monarchies, and the impact of the Columbian Exchange. Notable figures like Hernando Cortés and Christopher Columbus are examined, alongside the devastating effects of diseases like smallpox on indigenous populations. The lecture also highlights the role of the caravel in exploration and the establishment of trade routes, shaping the course of global history.

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European Expansion and Discovery: The Age of Exploration and Its Consequences

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  1. Lecture 2: Encounters and Collisions

  2. European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS and IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Hernando Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke • From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. • Commercial Expansion • Renaissance, 14 to 16th centuries -- Humanistic • Rise of monarchies • Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass • Discovery and Conquest • Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 • Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 • Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 • Cabeza de Vaca journeys, 1528-1536 • Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s • Hernadno de Soto, 1539-1542; Coronado expeditions, 1539-41 • Roanoke, 1584-87

  3. Spice Routes & Silk Road

  4. The Caravel, 1400s • Fast and could sail into wind • Sturdier construction • Used extensively by Portuguese to explore African Coast • Niña & Pinta

  5. Africa in the 15th Century

  6. 15th Century Portuguese Explorations

  7. Colonization of Atlantic Islands

  8. European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke • From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. • Commercial Expansion • Renaissance, 14th to 16th centuries -- Humanistic • Rise of monarchies • Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass • Discovery and Conquest • Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 • Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 • Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 • Cabeza de Vaca journeys, 1528-1536 • Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s • Hernadno de Soto, 1539-1542; Coronado expeditions, 1539-41 • Roanoke, 1584-87

  9. Columbus’ First Voyage

  10. Columbus meeting the Tainos

  11. Taino Indians, circa 1500

  12. “A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies,”Bartolomé de las Casas, published 1552

  13. Cortes (Aztecs/Mexico) Pizarro (Peru/Incans)

  14. Tenochtitlán

  15. Diego Rivera, The Great City of Techochtitlan (1945)

  16. European Expansion and the Age of Discovery TERMS AND IDENTIFICATIONS: caravel, Cortés, The Columbian Exchange, smallpox, The Destruction of the Indies, Roanoke • From 11th to 14th centuries, European agricultural production more than doubled, population nearly tripled. • Commercial Expansion • Renaissance, 14th to 16th centuries -- Humanistic • Rise of monarchies • Technological advances: gunpowder, printing press, compass • Discovery and Conquest • Portuguese explore African coast during 1400s and reach India by 1497 • Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 • Hernando Cortés conquers the Aztecs, 1521; Pizarro conquers Incas, 1528 • Cabeza de Vaca journeys, 1528-1536 • Cartier reconnoiters the St. Lawrence river, 1530s • Hernadno de Soto, 1539-1542; Coronado expeditions, 1539-41 • Roanoke, 1584-87

  17. Cabeza de Vaca, 1528-1536

  18. Jacques Cartier, 1530s

  19. Hernando De Soto, 1539-1542

  20. Francisco Vásquez Coronado, 1540-1541

  21. Roanoke, 1584-1587

  22. Columbian Exchange Why did Europeans conquer indigenous Americans so quickly? • Conquest by disease • Smallpox • Syphilis • II. Conquest by Plants • A. Europeans learn to cultivate/utilize new world plants • B. development of cash crops (esp. sugar!) • C. Europeans learn to cultivate their own old world plants in the Americas • D. the problem of weeds. • III. Conquest by Animals • A. pigs gone wild • B. animals of war: horses/bull mastiffs • IV. New World Food→European population explosion

  23. Pathof the Eruptive Fevers

  24. Aztec victims of smallpox -- Florentine Codex

  25. Albrecht Durer, “The Syphilitic”

  26. Columbian Exchange Why did Europeans conquer indigenous Americans so quickly? • Conquest by disease • Smallpox • Syphilis • II. Conquest by Plants • A. Europeans learn to cultivate/utilize new world plants • B. development of cash crops (esp. sugar!) • C. Europeans learn to cultivate their own old world plants in the Americas • D. the problem of weeds. • III. Conquest by Animals • A. pigs gone wild • B. animals of war: horses/bull mastiffs • IV. New World Food→European population explosion

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