The Skeletal System

1. The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2

2. The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System • Hematopoiesis • Structure • Support • Muscle Attachment and Movement • Mineral Storage

3. Axial vs. Appendicular • The Axial Skeleton • Contains the bones that are along the long axis of the body, or the bones of the head and trunk • The Appendicular Skeleton • Contains the bones of the extremities (or appendages) • Includes the pectoral girdles, pelvic girdles, and the bones of the arms and legs

4. Bones of the Cranium • Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Temporal • Maxillae • Mandible

5. Frontal Bone • Forms the forehead • Forms the roof of the eye sockets

6. Parietal Bones • Consists of two bones • Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

7. Temporal Bones • Consists of two bones • Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

8. Occipital Bone • The base of the cranial cavity • Prominent posterior portion

9. Maxillae • The upper jaw

10. Mandible • Lower jaw bone

11. The Vertebral Column • Composed of 33 bones • Encloses and protects the spinal cord • Supports the head

12. Bones of the Vertebral Column • Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck • Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs • Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back • Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones • Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones

13. Vertebral Curvatures

14. Bones of the Thoracic Cavity • Sternum • Xiphoid Process • Ribs

15. Bones of the Upper Extremities • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Carpals • Metacarpals • Phalanges

17. Bones of the Pelvis • Ilium • Ischium • Pubis • Together these three bones are fused and are called the oscoxae • The fused oscoxae articulate with the sacrum

19. Bones of the Lower Extremities • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula • Tarsals • Metatarsals • Phalanges

21. Joints • Where two bones articulate • The points of contact between bones • Hinge Joints • Gliding Joints • Ball and Socket Joints

22. Hinge Joints • Allows for extension and flexion

23. Gliding Joints • Bones slide past each other

24. Ball and Socket Joints • Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

25. Disease and Disorders • Fractures • Scoliosis • Kyphosis • Lordosis • Osteoarthritis

26. Fractures • Types of fractures • Closed or simple fracture • The bone is broken and the skin is intact • Open or compound fracture • The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

28. Scoliosis • Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

29. Kyphosis and Lordosis • Kyphosis- abnormally enlarged thoracic curve (humpback) • Lordosis- abnormally enlarged lumbar curve (swayback)

30. Osteoarthritis • Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

31. Careers • Radiologist • Radiology Technician • Chiropractor • Physical Therapist • Physical Therapy Assistant • Physical Therapy Aide

32. Radiologist • Medical doctors who have specialized in radiology during their internship and residency. • College (4 years), Med school (3 or 4 years), and then internship/residency (3 - 5 years). So that's 10 to 13 years after high school • Directs medical imaging technologist to diagnose and treat diseases and disorders • Reads x-rays, MRI, CT scans • Average : $300, 000 • Radiologist video

33. Radiology Technician • Specialize in diagnostic imaging • Take x-rays, MRI, CT, Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasonography • Associate degree for x-ray certification • Bachelors degree for further specialization • MRI, CT, Nuclear Med and Ultrasound • Average salary: $30-35,000 • A Day in the Life - Radiological Technician - YouTube

34. Chiropractor • Diagnoses and treats mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system • Provide natural, drug less, non surgical treatments like adjustments and joint alignments • Earn Doctorate of Chiropractic = 8 years • Average Salary- $65,000-100,000 • youniversity chiropractor

35. Physical Therapist • Help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients suffering from injuries or diseases • Masters degree (6years) • Salary : $60- 85,000 • Physical Therapy (long but good)

36. Physical Therapy Assistant • Works under direction and supervision of a physical therapist • Perform exercises, massages, electric stimulation, hot and cold packs, traction and ultrasound to patients • Complete Physical Therapy Assistant Program= 2 years- Associates degree • Salary- $35-55,000

37. Physical Therapy Aide • Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant • Perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. • On the job training • Salary- $8-15 per hour

38. Vocabulary- Word Parts • Cost/o- rib • Chondr/o- cartilage • Crani/o- skull or cranium • Thorac/o- chest or chest wall • Hemat/o- blood • Cephal/o- cranial or head • Cervic/o- neck, neck of an organ • Arthr/o- joint • Oste/o- bone • Vertebr/o- vertebra

39. Vocabulary- word parts • Inter- between • intercostal (between the ribs) • Sub- under, beneath, less than • Sublingual (under the tongue) • -poiesisformation or production of • Hematopoiesis (production of blood) • -malaciasoftening of tissue • Osteomalacic (softening of bone) • -al relating to • Vertebral (relating to the vertebrae)

40. Vocabulary- word parts • -genesis generation, reproduction • Osteogenesis (generation of bone cells) • -tomycutting into, incision • Craniotomy (cutting into the skull) • -ectomy excision, removal of • Appendectomy (removal of the appendix) • -iccharacteristic of, relating to • Thoracic (relating to the chest)

41. Vocabulary • Thoracic pertaining to the chest or thorax • Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain • Extremities the arms and legs • X-ray type of diagnostic imaging • Hematopoiesesproduction of blood cells • Vertebrae any of the 33 bones of the spinal column