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Covalent Bonds and Ionic Bonds - Quick Guide

Learn about covalent bonds by sharing electrons and ionic bonds between cations and anions. Find out why elements bond, properties of covalently bonded molecules, and how to differentiate between ionic and covalent compounds. Discover why some compounds conduct electricity while others do not.

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Covalent Bonds and Ionic Bonds - Quick Guide

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  1. Covalent Bonds Sharing Electrons

  2. What is an ionic bond? • The a bond between cations and anions. Quick Review

  3. Cations and Anions? • Cation-an ion with a positive charge. • Easy way to remember: cation has a “t,” which looks like a + sign.

  4. Anion-an ion with a negative charge. • Easy way to remember: think “A N” for “a negative” ion. Cations and Anions?

  5. Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Cl- Cl- Why do ionic bonds form? • There is an attraction between positive and negative ions.

  6. How do elements bond if they don’t have opposite charges? Elements can share electrons to form a covalent bond.

  7. Covalent? • Co- means to share.. • -valent refers to valence electrons… • “Covalent” means “sharing valence electrons.”

  8. e- e- P+ P+ A Simple Covalent Bond Two Hydrogen Atoms Each has one valence electron, each needs 2 to be stable.

  9. To get 2 electrons each, they share. e- e- P+ P+ The chemical formula for this molecule is  H2

  10. Two hydrogen atoms form a diatomic (two atom) molecule. Molecule: a neutral group of atoms joined together by one or more covalent bonds.

  11. How to remember diatomic molecules. 35 53 Br I IBrought Clay For Our New House

  12. Properties of Covalently Bonded Molecules • Occur between two or more NONMETALS. • Do not conduct electricity. • Have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.

  13. Ions are needed to conduct electricity • Ionic compounds vs Covalent compounds

  14. Why is the hydrogen molecule neutral? e- e- P+ P+ Two Protons It has two protons (one from each atom) and two electrons (one from each atom). Two Electrons

  15. What keeps the hydrogen atoms together in the molecule? e- e- P+ P+ The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus.

  16. Let’s Review Is it ionic or covalent? NaCl (salt--mineral halite) H2O (water) C6H12O6 (sugar) CaCO3 (mineral calcite) FeS2 (mineral pyrite) H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) CO2 (carbon dioxide) PbS (mineral galena) CaSO4 (mineral gypsum) Ionic (Na is a metal) Covalent (both nonmetals) Covalent (all nonmetals) Ionic (Ca is a metal) Ionic (Fe is a metal) Covalent (both nonmetals) Covalent (both nonmetals) Ionic (Pb is a metal) Ionic (Ca is a metal)

  17. Let’s Review Would it conduct electricity? NaCl (salt--mineral halite) H2O (water) C6H12O6 (sugar) CaCO3 (mineral calcite) FeS2 (mineral pyrite) H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) CO2 (carbon dioxide) PbS (mineral galena) CaSO4 (mineral gypsum) Yes- Ionic No-Covalent No- Covalent Yes- Ionic Yes- Ionic No- Covalent No- covalent Yes- Ionic Yes-Ionic

  18. Covalent Songs & Tutorial • Covalent Song #1 • Covalent Song #2 • Covalent Bonding Tutorial

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