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Consultative Meeting - OIC Summit on Food, Agriculture, and Water Sector,

Consultative Meeting - OIC Summit on Food, Agriculture, and Water Sector, 1-2 December, 2014 at COMSTECH, Islamabad. Land Use, Food Security, Biotechnology in OIC Countries. Dr. Münir Öztürk ( M.Sc ., Ph .D., D. Sc .), Fellow of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences ,

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Consultative Meeting - OIC Summit on Food, Agriculture, and Water Sector,

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  1. Consultative Meeting - OIC Summit on Food, Agriculture, and Water Sector, 1-2 December, 2014 at COMSTECH, Islamabad Land Use, FoodSecurity,Biotechnology in OIC Countries Dr. Münir Öztürk (M.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc.),Fellow of theIslamicWorldAcademy of Sciences, Professor (Emer.) of Ecology & EnvironmentalSciences,BotanyDepartmentandFounderDirectorCentreforEnvironmentalSudies, Ege University, Bornova- Izmir, Turkey; ConsultantFellowFaculty of Forestry, Universiti, PutraMalaysia, Selangor- Malysia; DistinguishedVisitingScientist, ICCBS, KarachiUniversity, Pakistan

  2. Global Trends • 1-Increase inworldpopulation. 2-Decrease in acreage. • 3-Extremeweatherconditions. 4-Climatechange. • 5-Decrease in thefreshwatersupplies. • 6-Increase in Desertification. • 7-Decreaseof fossile fuels (naturalresources). • 8-Ageing Society. • 9-Change ofdietaryhabits.

  3. Challenges toLand Use& FoodSecurity by 2050 Increases(to 9.1 billion) Population Food Production Increases(by 50%) Land area for agriculture Decreases (0.25 ha/person) Decreases (Water scarcity in 75% population) Water Availability Increases (to meet the food demand) Crop Intensification Soil & water salinization Increases

  4. Economic Losses due toOveruse of Lands Global agricultural productivity losses (Estimated for 1 mill. ha of degradedsoils). Irrigated agriculture 11.4 bill.$ / year Non-irrigated agriculture 1.2 bill.$ / year

  5. Drought- Famine - Migration Thesepose: environmental, human, food, health, livelihood, social- national-internationalsecuritychallenges, vulnerabilities& risks.

  6. THEREFORE: Greatestconcern of the OIC countries is theappropriatemanagement of ourlandresourcesandhow can wefeedthenextgenerations in a mannerthatrespectsour finite naturalresources. • Additionalpressurewill be placed on howwe can utilizethenaturalresourcesrequiredforfoodproductionmoreefficientlyandhow can weemploythese in a sustainablemanner. GREATEST need is to start planningnowformanagingtheseresources in a sustainablewayfortheyear 2050 andbeyond.

  7. Duringthelast 9000 yearswehaveprimarilyrelied on intensivelanduseforagriculturalactivitiestoincreaseourfoodproduction. • Increasedincorporation of arablelandforfoodproductioncontinuesin OIC countrieseventoday.

  8. Projections of increase as well as decrease of arablelandforfoodproductionby FAO for 2012 show: -therewill be an increase in the landforproducingfood in OICcountriesduetogrowing economies as thevariety of foods consumedwillincrease.

  9. FOOD SECURITY • FoodSecurity (WHO,1996) means-whenallpeople at alltimeshaveaccesstosufficient, safe, nutritiousfoodtomaintain a healthyandactive life. • FoodSecurity (USDA, 2013) meansthehouseholdsthathaveconsistent, dependableaccesstoenoughfoodforactive, healthyliving. HowtoFeedtheWorld in 2050 (FAO Report): THREE driversaffectingthefoodsecurityare; demographicoutburst, increase in urbanization, andincrease in income.

  10. BUT: Overuse of ourlands not a sustainableway as land is a finite resource. A mustthat OIC countriesshouldincreasefoodproduction on thedegradedlandslyingwaste.

  11. Beneathmany of desertsarereserves of saline • waters. • Majoroccurrences of salinewaters in OIC Countries: • Arabiandesert of theMiddle East, • SaharaDesert in North Africa, • KalahariDesert in SouthernAfrica.

  12. “HALOPHYTES” -A Solutiontothe Problem! • A greatpotentialforconsumption as well as ameliorationof degradedlands. • Naturalhabitats of thisplantdiversity 1-coasts, 2-coastallagoons, 3-salt flats, 4-seacliffs, 5-estuaries, 6-salineinland lake shores.

  13. Areaswithhighgroundwatersalinity can be usedforhalophyticforagecropproduction. A libraryof germplasmforthediscovery of newuses & development of newcropsforfutureuse. Therearemorethan 1500 speciesof vascularsalt-tolerantplantsdistributedin over 500 generawith a greateconomicpotentialreported.

  14. HALOPHYTES: → can contributetofoodsecurity. →willhelpto coverthebasicneedsofpeoplein OIC countries. → canhelptodecelerate(reverse?) theextensionofdesertsandreclamatedegradedlands. →reducethegreenhouseeffect.

  15. Biotechnology Revolutionizingallfields of our life. Globallyrecognized as: -a rapidlyemergingcomplex, -far reachingnewtechnology, -an interdisciplinarybranch of science, encompassing a widerange of subjects.

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  18. Littleattentionpaidtowardsbiotechduetolack of fundsandexpertise. Recentdiscoveries & technicalinnovations in BT depict: Convergence of advances in: genomics, proteomics, bioinformaticsand informationtechnologies aredrivingtheemergence of a newbio-economy. Use of thistechnology is providingremarkablesuccess in increasingcropproductivity, improvingcropqualityforovercomingfoodshortage.

  19. BUT IN OIC COUNTRIES; No investors specialized in biotechnology& private funding is still rare. Level of awareness about possible potential returns fromtheindustryamonginvestors is low. Few links exist between academia and industry.

  20. Futureimpacts of BT in cropproductionwill be in theareas of: 1.Developingnewhybridcropsbased on geneticmale-sterility. 2.Exploitingtransgenicapomixestofixhybridvigour in inbredcrops. 3.Increasingresistancetoinsectpests, diseases, andabioticstressfactors.

  21. 4.Improving effectiveness of bio-control agents. 5.Enhancing nutritional value of crops & post-harvest quality. 6.Increasing efficiency of soil phosphorus and essential micronutrient uptake and their translocation in plants.

  22. 7.Increasing the nitrogen fixation capacity of legumes. 8.Signalling & regulation of Nitrogen metabolism, engineering plants with other gene systems in this direction. 9.Understanding the nature of gene action and metabolic pathways. 10.Increasing photosynthetic activity, sugar and starch production (Harvesting the SUN).

  23. 11. GenomicApproachforCropImprovement. 12. Proteomics & CropImprovement. 13. Nanobiotechnology & CropImprovement. OIC countriesshould organize theirfutureresearch in thisdirectiontoavoiddependancy on others.

  24. 1-All OIC countriespossesshugeareasof unusedmarginalland. 2-Reasonsare: -lack of technicalstaff, -fragmentedlands, -lack of coordination, policiesand legislation at thegovernmentlevel. • 3-Decrease in foodsupplies & highpriceswillprove • detrimentalforthesecountries, makingthem • criticallyvulnerabletoanydisruptionandmay • producedevastatingeffects on theireconomies.

  25. 4-Money spent on theimportsof foodstuffswillbe higherthantheirdebtreliefandmorethanthatspent on overcominghealthandpovertyproblems, leadingto a serious set back in thepovertyreductionandeconomicdevelopmentefforts.

  26. 5-Waterscarcity is andwill be a majorconstraint in agriculturalproduction, unlessalternativecropslikehalophytesareused. 6-An increase in thedegradedlandswillaffectfoodsecurityforthepoornegatively, since foodpricesarelikelygoingtorise.

  27. 7-Sustainablelandstrategiesmust be createdthatarecompatiblewiththe climatic, environmentaland socio-economicconditionsprevailing in eachcountry. 8-Linksbetweenwater, energyand povertyshouldbeconsideredtogether takingintoaccount not onlytechnical and market issues but alsothesocial andinstitutionalaspects.

  28. 9-Strongpartnershipsbetween farmer- public- privateentities, supportivegovernmentpolicies, significant start- upinvestment, and a strongresearch as well as developmentorientationtothe joint program is required.

  29. 10-Activeparticipation of farmersthroughtheirproducerorganizations is thebestguaranteethattheuse of degradedlandswillcontributetothefoodsecurity 11-Needforpoliticaland legal stability at all levels, together with aninvolvement of allstakeholders, legislative framework, feedstockselection, availability, price,marketingstrategy, qualitycontrol,andplant site selection.

  30. 12-TheUniversities, GovernmentbodiesandPrivateSector in theOIC countriesshouldjoinhandsin thesuccessfulimplimentationof programmesforgrowingcrops on degradedlandsandattemptsmadeforcapacitybuilding as well as transfer of technologyamongthecountries. 13-Trainingcoursesandworkshopsshould be organisedundertheumbrella of “COMSTECH” on regionalbasistoupdateandexchangeinformation as well as know-howamongthe OIC countries.

  31. OIC countries: ManyResearchOrganisationsExisting 1-InternationalCentreforBiosalineAgricultural, Dubai, UAE (ICBA). 2-UNESCO ChairHalophyteUtilization-KarachiUniversity, Pakistan. 3-AgriculturalFacultiesandResearchInstitutesin Egypt , Morrocco, Pakistan, SaudiArabia, Tunisia, TurkeyandUzbekistan. 4-InternationalCentresforAridLands & Desertification- Konya (Turkey), Samarqand (Uzbekistan) andEgypt. 6-BitechnologyResearchCentres in Pakistan, Turkey & Tunisia. Manyyoungtalentedworkerspresent. COORDINATION ? HowMuch?

  32. 14-Researchanddevelopmentareparamountforfuture, based on short-termimprovement of existingfeedstockandtechnologies. 15-IDB can supportmajorcollaborative “Pilot Projects” on socio-economicandenvironmentalimpacts of growingcropon degradedlands.

  33. 37 Anotheraspect in thisconnection is: Food Safety Testing Market (Pathogens, GMO’s, Toxins, Pesticides). Will be 14,030.2 Million $By 2018 – New Report by MarketsandMarkets (March, 2014) Global food safety testing market: 2012 - 09,262.3 million $. 2018 -14,030.2 million $.

  34. NEED FOR CONVERGENCE: Wethe OIC citizensshouldchangeinto a communitytoservethecaloricneeds of inhabitants. Wemustchangeinto a communitytogrowthefoodthatweneedforpopulation. Wemustbecome a communityso as toinsurethatourfuturegenerationshavefoodtoeat in thiseraandbeyond.

  35. A widespreadeducationforthepublic & special - technicaleducationforthefarmers is neededfortheprotection of oursoils.

  36. 1-Ozturk,M., Waisel,Y.,Khan, M.A., Gork,G. (Eds.) 2006. Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants. BirkhauserVerlag (Springer Science), Basel. 2-Chedlly, A., Ozturk,M., Ashraf,M.,Grignon,C., (Eds.) 2008. Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance. BirkhauserVerlag (Springer Science), Basel. 3-Ashraf, M.; Ozturk, M.; Athar, H.R. (Eds.) 2009. Salinity and Water Stress: Improving Crop Efficiency, Series: Tasks for Vegetation Science , Vol. 44 , Springer Verlag. 4-Ozturk,M. 2010. Sabkha Ecosystems III, Africa & Southern Europe.Tasks for Vegetation Science, Springer Verlag. 5-Ozturk,M.Mermut,A.,Celik,A. 2010. Land Degradation, Urbanisation, Land Use & Environment, NAM S. & T. (Delhi-India). 6-Ashraf, M., Ozturk, M., Ahmad,M.S.A.,Aksoy,A. (Eds.) 2012. Crop Production for Agricultural Improvement. Productivity:SpringerVerlag. 7-Hakeem,K.R., Parvaiz, A.,Ozturk,M. (Eds.) 2013. CropImprovement-New Approachesand Modern Techniques. SpringerVerlag, XXVII. 8-Khan, M.Ajmal, Boer, B., Ozturk,M., Al Abdessalaam, T., Clüsener-Godt, M., Gul,B. (Eds.) 2014. SabkhaEcosystems: Volume IV: CashCropHalophyteandBiodiversityConservationTasksforVegetationScience: 47, SpringerVerlag. 9-Hakeem,K.R., Sabir,M., Ozturk,M., Mermut,A. 2014. Soil Remediation and Plants-Prospects andChallenges. Elsevier.

  37. 1-Ozturk, M.A., 1995. Recovery and rehabilitation of mediterranean type ecosystem- A case study from Turkish maquis. In: Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-ScaleEcosystems,NATO-ARW(Eds.D.Rapport,C.L. Gaudet, P.Calow), Springer- Verlag. 2-Ozturk, M.,1999. Urban Ecology and Land Degradation. In: Perspectives in Ecology (Editor:Almo Farina). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, NL. 3-Ozturk, M., Alyanak,I.,Uysal,I., Guvensen,A., Sakcali, S.2004. Multipurpose Plant Systems for Renovation of Wastewaters. Salinity Mitigation for Efficient Water Resources Management Proc.11, (Eds.M.Latif & S. Mahmood) CEWRE Publ.194, Lahore-Pakistan. 4-Ozturk,M., Gucel,S., Sakcali,S., Gork,C., Yarci,C., Gork,G.2008. An overview of plant diversity and land degradation interactions in the eastern Mediterranean. Chapter 15, In: Natural Environment and Culture in the Medit. Region (Eds.Efe et al.),Cambridge Scholars Publ.,UK. 5-Hakeem,K.R.,Ozturk,M., Memon,A.R.2012. Biotechnology as an AidforCropImprovementtoOvercomeFoodShortage.In. CropProductionforAgriculturalImprovement (eds. Ashraf et al.) SpringerVerlag. 6-Ozturk,M., Gucel,S.,Sakcali, S.,Baslar, S. 2013. Nitrate and Edible Plants in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey:An Overview.In: Nitrate in Leafy Vegetables-Toxicity and Safety Measures (eds. Umar,S. et al.), pp: 17-51. I.K. Intern. Publ.HousePvt. Ltd.New Delhi-Bangalore (India). 7-Ozturk,M., Altay,V., Gucel,S. 2014. Halophyte Plant Diversity in the East Mediterranean-Their Medicinal and other Economical Values. In: Sabkha Ecosystems Vol IV Cash Crop Halophytes Biodiversity & Conservation (Eds. Khan,A,M., Boer, B., Ozturk,M., Al-Abdessalaam, T. Z., Clüsener-Godt) Tasks for Vegetation Science Series, Springer Verlag.

  38. THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

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