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Journey of Indo-European Languages: Exploring the Language Family's Origins and Evolution

Dive into the fascinating world of the Indo-European language family, spanning across Europe, Iran, and Asia. Explore its ancient roots, diverse branches, and rich linguistic heritage through intriguing examples and historical tidbits. Unravel the connections between languages and decipher the shared origins of words across different cultures. Discover the evolution of Indo-European languages through time and space, from the distant past to the present day.

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Journey of Indo-European Languages: Exploring the Language Family's Origins and Evolution

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  1. The Indo-European Language Family A large group of languages spoken over most of Europe and also in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Northern India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. They developed from a parent language probably spoken somewhere in eastern Europe or Western Asia around 5000 years ago.

  2. An Example of the Evidence:Words for `is’ • German: ist • Russian yest • Latin (ancient European language) est • Ancient Greek esti • Sanskrit (ancient Indian language) asti • Can you guess what the original word probably was?

  3. An Example of the Evidence:Words for `is’ • German: ist • Russian yest • Latin (ancient European language) est • Ancient Greek esti • Sanskrit (ancient Indian language) asti • Can you guess what the original word probably was? *esti

  4. What the original language might have been like `Ner owiom r wihnam sebhi gwhermom Man sheep ‘s wool to-himself warm westrom kwerneuti neghi owiom wihna esti.’ clothing makes nor to-sheep wool is Tod kekluwos owis agrom ebhuget. That having-heard sheep to-plain fled

  5. Branches of Indo-European in Asia • HITTITE (ancient language once spoken in Turkey) • TOCHARIAN (ancient language once spoken in Sinkiang (新疆 )) • INDO-IRANIAN • PERSIAN and similar languages • INDO-ARYAN (languages of northern India and nearby countries)

  6. Uriah the HITTITE (赫人烏利亞) was sent to die in battle by King David so that David could take his wife - Samuel II, 11 (撒母耳記下)

  7. Hittite Writing Method

  8. Chinese Oracle Bone

  9. Mummified body of a Tocharian speaker? 1500 B.C.?

  10. A hymn to the god Ganesh from the Rigveda, written in Sanskrit, an ancient INDO-IRANIAN language

  11. INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGES • [SANSKRIT] • HINDI/URDU • NEPALI • Bengali • Gujarati • Marathi • Sinhala

  12. What’s your name (in Indo-Aryan) • Sanskrit: Tava nama kim asti? • Hindi/Urdu: Tumhara nam kya hai? • Nepali: Timro nam ke ho? • Gujarati: Tamarun nam shun che?

  13. European Language Groups • CELTIC: spoken in small areas of North-Western Europe • SLAVIC: spoken in Eastern Europe • GERMANIC: spoken in Northern Europe • ROMANCE: spoken in Southern Europe

  14. CELTIC • WELSH • [Cornish] • Breton • IRISH • Gaelic • [Manx]

  15. SLAVIC • Russian • Ukranian • Polish • Czech • Bulgarian • SERBO-CROATIAN

  16. GERMANIC • GERMAN • Dutch • ENGLISH • Danish • Swedish • Norwegian

  17. COMPARING GERMANIC LANGUAGES • English: The king slept in my house for two nights • Dutch: De koning sliep in mijn huis voor twee nachten. • German: Der König schlief in meinem Haus für zwei Nächte

  18. ROMANCE • [LATIN] • SPANISH • Portuguese • ITALIAN • FRENCH • Romanian

  19. We love our mother(in Romance) • Latin: nostram matrem amamus • Spanish: Amamos a nuestra madre • Italian: Amiamo la nostra madre • French: Nous aimons notre mère

  20. How Latin may have sounded 2000 years ago(http://www.rhapsodes.fll.vt.edu/audiofiles/aeneis1.mp3) • Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab orisarms man also sing-I Troy’s who first from shores • Italiam fato profugus Laviniaque venitItaly-to fate-by refugee Lavinian-also came • litora multum ille et terris iactatus et alto coasts-to much he both land-on harassed and sea-at • vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram.force-by gods’ cruel memorable Juno’s from anger

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