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Thanks to: CERN Directorate and CERN – A&B Department and

Thanks to: CERN Directorate and CERN – A&B Department and especially to the authors of the feasibility study: M.-E. Angoletta, M. Barnes, A. Beuret, P. Belochitskii, J. Borburgh, P. Bourquin, M. Buzio, D. Cornuet, T. Eriksson,

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Thanks to: CERN Directorate and CERN – A&B Department and

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  1. Thanks to: CERN Directorate and CERN – A&B Department and especially to the authors of the feasibility study: M.-E. Angoletta, M. Barnes, A. Beuret, P. Belochitskii, J. Borburgh, P. Bourquin, M. Buzio, D. Cornuet, T. Eriksson, T. Fowler, M. Hori, E. Mahner, S. Maury, D. Möhl, J. Monteiro, S. Pasinelli, F. Pedersen, U. Raich, L. Soby, P. Strubin, G. Tranquille, and T. Zickler ELENA: An Upgrade to the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN a proposal to the SPSC from the AD user community presented by Walter Oelert Research Center Jülich, Germany 29. September 2009 ELENA: Extra Low ENergy Antiprotons

  2. historical remark Workshop on Physics at LEAR with Low Energy Cooled Antiprotons Erice, May 9 – 16, 1982

  3. Workshop on Physics at LEAR with Low Energy Cooled Antiprotons Erice, May 9 – 16, 1982 first 11 antihydrogen atoms 1995

  4. Tour de France vs. race around the town of Jülich

  5. H and p He precision spectroscopy gravitational force

  6. we are asking the SPSC to help us for a participation in the Tour de France

  7. CERN-SPSC-2009-026 (SPSC-P-338) ELENA: An Upgrade to the Antiproton Decelerator 210 physicists

  8. 57 CERN-SPSC-2009-026 (SPSC-P-338)

  9. ELENA M. Doser

  10. ELENA is a small decelerator which: • slows the AD antiprotons to 100 keV • cools them via integrated electron cooling • c) delivers the p‘s to the various experiments via electrostatic beam lines input acceptance of ELENA matches the AD emittance electron cooling guarantees for high quality of the beam ELENA can be located within the present AD hall with minor interference to the experimental operation But after all: WHY ELENA ???

  11. structure of matter / of antimatter

  12. Motivation to produce and study cold antihydrogen • CPT invariance high precision spectroscopy • gravitation matter - antimatter CPT invariance fundamental feature of local relativistic quantum field theories gravitational force between matter and antimatter is essentially unknown even in its sign

  13. General Motivations Test CPT invariance in lepton and baryon system a) local, Lorentz-invariant quantum field theory  CPT invariance b) Need extensions to the standard model to get a CPT violation e.g. R. Blum, V.A. Kostelecky, N. Russell*, Phys. Rev. D 57, 3932 (1998) Baryon-Antibaryon asymmetry in the Universe is NOT understood Standard explanation: alternate explanation: CP violation CPT violation violation of baryon number violation of baryon number thermodynamic non-equilibrium thermodynamic equilibrium CPT in String Theory no CPT theorem in general get CPT theorem  the limit of a quantum field theory Makes sense to investigate these fundamental symmetries in the few places that we can hope to do so very precisely. * see invited talk by Russell at the LEAP-05 conference, please

  14. 1999/2000

  15. May 2009

  16. 1999/2000 May 2009 AD-2: ATRAP Penning-Ioffe trap, 1.2 K plasmas, Lyman-a source AD-3: ASACUSA spectroscopy p He atoms, CODATA, MUSASHI, hyperfine structure AD-4: ACE Contributing to cancer therapy AD-5: ALPHA Magnetic multipole trap for trapping H AD-6: AEGIS Gravitational interaction to 1 % Proposal PAX Spin-dependence of p-p interaction LoI Acceleration of H in the gravity field of the Earth LoI Double-strangeness production with p LoI p atoms X-ray from selected elements with low Z

  17. Klaus Jungmann at the workshop “New Opportunities in the Physics Landscape at CERN“

  18. alternative antiproton sources at low energies? not within the next decade

  19. FLAIR hall TSR Heidelberg CRYRING Stockholm Astrid - Aarhus FLAIR at FAIR at GSI

  20. Challenges remain to be solved for the low-energy antiproton beams: 1. Intensity limit to low energy bunch compression 2. Instrumentation for low energies and intensities 3. Vacuum requirements at low energies 4. Design and shielding of beam transport lines 5. Electron cooling Operation of ELENA will provide invaluable opportunities for the development of methods to be incorporated into improved low-energy deceleration rings of the future

  21. ELENA‘s Influence on the experimental progress

  22. P(p) = 100 MeV/c ( E(p) = 5 MeV ) spill : ~ 3 . 107 every ~ 100 s spill length ~ 100 ns ~ 3 x 107 ~ 3 x 107

  23. 5.3 MeV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~4 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~ 1 x 105 ATRAPs very best value: 1.3x105 ~ 3 x 107 2.99 x 107 antiprotons lost  efficiency 3 x 10-3 100 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~4 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~ 3 x 107 ELENA ~ 2.5 x 107 ~ 1 x 107 2 x 107 antiprotons lost  efficiency 3 x 10-1 ELENA efficiency increase: factor ~ 100

  24. 5.3 MeV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec 50 - 120 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec <10 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec RFQD ~ 1 x 106 ~ 3 x 107 ~ 7.5 x 106 2.9 x 107 antiprotons lost  efficiency 3 x 10-2 100 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~4 keV antiprotons/ ~ 100 sec ~ 3 x 107 ELENA ~ 2.5 x 107 ~ 1 x 107 2 x 107 antiprotons lost  efficiency 3 x 10-1 ELENA efficiency increase: factor ~ 10

  25. coasting beam: 2.2 x 108 p´s bunched beam: 1.3 m / 300 ns: 1.1 x 107 p´s

  26. 4 bunches, each: 1.3 m / 300 ns: and 1.1 x 107 p´s 4.4 x 107 p´s to one experiment

  27. 1.1 x 107 p´s to four different experiments Experiment IV Experiment III Experiment II Experiment I

  28. 1.1 x 107 p´s to four different experiments Experiment IV four experiments served simultaneously 24 hours/day Experiment III specific arguments of the experiments Experiment II Experiment I

  29. ATRAP: currently using about 5 x 10 6 trapped p/day additional experiment  4 x 10 6 trapped p/day with ELENA: 500 x 10 6 p/day with ELENA and shared beam distribution mode  more trials and 10 x more precise per time unit. ASACUSA MC simulations teach: ELENA beam with higher intensity and lower emittance  10-fold increase in synthesized p He atoms and 10-fold lower back-ground  large improvement on both statistical error and signal/noise ratio and a 10-fold increase in synthesising cold antihydrogen atoms in the Cusp Trap. ACE ELENA will continue to allow the extraction of higher energy beams, as needed by ACE Nano-dosimetry experiments and DNA level damage in individual cells will become possible. ALPHA Expected number of p increase  immediate impact on statistcally limited experiments, promising but at AD not viable experiments will become possible with ELENA especially in view of promising p + e+ mixing experiments to produce trappable antihydrogen. AEGIS ELENA will allow to reduce the beam time to scales which make the necessary control of parameters of the AEGIS apparatus (stability < 1 mm, temperature 100 mK) easier. New Experiments Most of new experiments on the horizon will profit from ELENA but would need slow extraction.

  30. Measurement of the Spin-Dependence of the p-p Interaction internal AD experiment, but if ELENA provides higher luminosity  easier to accomodate new users A Measurement of the Acceleration of Antihydrogen in the Gravitational Field of the Earth if ELENA provides higher luminosity  easier to accomodate new users Double-Strangeness Production with Antiprotons at the AD-ring requires a slow extraction of the low-energy antiproton beam Antiprotonic Atom X-ray Studies at AD from Selected Elements with low Z requires a slow extraction of the low-energy antiproton beam Slow extraction not foreseen in the presented feasibility study  costs and space in principle possible but  new design study necessary other options are thinkable, but here not intended since i) asking too much might kill a good suggestion and ii) a good opportunity for FLAIR MUSASHI captures, cools and extracts antiprotons 

  31. ~ 106 antiprotons / 6 minutes = 2800 antiprotons / second would improve with ELENA and shot by shot distribution mode to < ~ 105 antiprotons / second however, antiprotons in low keV range and complexity of operation  will not satisfy the needs of general users, is not an open facility, to be discussed from case to case Press release on MUSASHI: 独立行政法人理化学研究所（野依良治理事長）と国立大学法人東京大学（小宮山宏総長）の研究グループは、2.5テスラという強い磁場の中で大量の反陽子の塊を捕捉し、その形状や密度を制御する方法を見いだしました。これにより、反物質研究の鍵となる「反水素原子※1（水素原子の反物質）」の“原材料”を制御することができるようになりました。この成果は、東京大学大学院総合文化研究科広域科学専攻黒田直史助教（元理化学研究所協力研究員）、理研基幹研究所山崎原子物理研究室の山崎泰規主任研究員（東京大学大学院総合文化研究科広域科学専攻教授）らの研究成果です。　ビックバンから始まったと考えられている私たちの宇宙には、物質と反物質が等量に存在するはずです。しかし、広く宇宙を見渡すと、“物質”ばかりからなっているように見えます。この不思議な現状を理解するため、研究グループは、反水素原子を実験室で作り出し、これを捕捉して、その性質を詳細に観測し、水素原子との違い（CPT対称性※2）を明らかにしようという研究を進めてきました。本研究では、反水素原子の主要“原料”である反陽子を真空中に大量にため込むとともに、ため込んだ反陽子の雲を自在に操作することができる手法を確立しました。これまでは、反陽子をため込むことはできても、その空間分布をコントロールすることは至難の技でした。従って、今回の成果は、ほぼすべての低エネルギー反陽子研究にとって待ち望まれた技術といえます。

  32. modifications to the experiments I shielded electrostatic beam lines < 100 Gauss

  33. modifications to the experiments II replace metal antiproton energy degrader number of trapped antiprotons parameters of steering elements

  34. ELENA‘s Design and Construction

  35. 9.2009 2010 2011 20122013 today

  36. ELENA‘s Funding

  37. at CERN only 4.736 kCHF 37.9 MY elsewhere 5.263 kCHF 17.2 MY available 220 kCHF 2.9 MY

  38. ELENA white paper for acceleratorsamerica Make ELENA a project at CERN with an authorized project leader, please

  39. Conclusions

  40. There is a clear consensus among the AD experiments that further large improvements can only be achieved using a cooled antiproton beam from ELENA

  41. Klaus Jungmann at the workshop “New Opportunities in the Physics Landscape at CERN“

  42. Thanks to CERN`s unique low-energy antiproton facilities, there is an important and flourishing scientific program that requires more antiprotons than AD can provide today. There are not enough antiprotons for the scientific program that is already approved at CERN. The low-energy antiproton and antihydrogen community has reached a clear consensus upon the ELENA upgrade to the AD. A substantially increased number of antiprotons will enable to make more rapid progress and to achieve much more sensitive and precise results. H and p He precision spectroscopy gravitational force a laboratory portrait Nuclear Physics News 19(03) 2009 pp 5-13

  43. Arthur Schuster Nature, August 18, 1898, p 367 …………..If there is negative electricity, why not negative gold, as yellow and valuable as our own, with the same boiling point and identical spectral lines; different only in so far that if brought down to us it would rise up into space with an acceleration of 981. ………………………………… if it ever existed on our earth, it would long have been repelled by it and expelled from it.

  44. Thank you for your attention and thank you for your consideration, time, support and help which we need to get ELENA approved for good and fundamental physics. We will do our best to face the challenge of racing Tour de France.

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