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Phalanx Victorious: Battles of Marathon & Thermopylae

Dive into the epic Greek-Persian Wars, from the daring stand of the Spartans at Thermopylae to the pivotal Battle of Marathon. Discover the rise of Athens and the valiant struggle against the mighty Persian Empire. Witness the military prowess of the Greeks, their use of the phalanx formation, and the dramatic conflicts that shaped ancient history.

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Phalanx Victorious: Battles of Marathon & Thermopylae

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  1. Greek Wars Persian Immortals

  2. Persian Wars • Fought between Greece and Persian Empire • Persians take over Ionian part of Greek territory, the colonists rebel and Athens sends help • Darius invades Athens to punish them

  3. Military • Greeks used phalanx • Military formation • most powerful • could fight as a unit

  4. Phalanx

  5. Persians vow to destroy Athens Greeks use Phalanx to beat Persians (Spartans are nowhere to be found) Persians retreat NIKE!!! Battle of Marathon

  6. Xerxes (Darius’ son) tries to destroy Greece with his “Immortals” Come to narrow pass with 7,000 Greek soldiers and 300 Spartans Battle of Thermopylae

  7. Battle of Thermopylae • Fought for days, until a traitor told Persians about secret path around cliffs • Spartans held pass while other Greeks retreated • Athens moved to an island just off the coast to prepare for battle and the Persians burned the city down

  8. Persian Wars • Persians were then defeated at sea (Xerxes watched from a hill sitting on a golden throne while his army fell) • Athens becomes the leader of the Delian League- a group of 140 city-states against Persia (own the sea) • Sparta does NOT join (they form their own league-own the land)

  9. Peloponnesian War • Athens vs. Sparta • Athens-greater sea power • Sparta-greater army

  10. Peloponnesian War • Pericles- great hero and Athenian leader- wanted to avoid land battles with Sparta so came up with an idea…

  11. Walls of Athens

  12. Spartans march through Athenian territory burning their food supplies Athenians bring everyone in and close the doors to the city walls Peloponnesian War

  13. Plague hits Athens during Peloponnesian War, Pericles dies Peloponnesian War weakens Greece (27 year war) Macedonia becomes looming threat to the north Reasons for the Downfall of Greece

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