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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Energy, Calculations, and Examples

This resource explains the concept of energy as the ability to perform work, categorizing it into kinetic energy, which is energy due to motion, and potential energy, which is stored based on an object’s position. It includes definitions, formulas for calculating both types of energy, and practical problems involving real-world examples, like jogging and lifting objects. Understand key ideas like gravitational potential energy and the relationship between bounce height and potential energy, bolstered by step-by-step calculations and solutions.

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Understanding Energy: Kinetic and Potential Energy, Calculations, and Examples

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  1. Energy

  2. A. Energy Definition The ability to do work.

  3. What is Work?

  4. B. Two Types of Energy a. Kinetic Energy- the energy an object has due to its motion. Example: a rolling ball. b. Potential Energy- energy that is stored in an object due to its position. Example: a bow and arrow. Example: a battery.

  5. Identify one form of potential energy and one form of kinetic energy.

  6. C. Calculating Energy • Kinetic Energy = Mass X Velocity2 2 K.E. = mv2 2 b. Units – mass= kilograms (kg) velocity = meters per second (m/s) K.E. = Joules

  7. c. Practice Problems i. An 80 kg man is jogging at a velocity of 4 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? K.E. = mv2 2 K.E. = 80 kg X (4 m/s)2 2 K.E. = 80 kg X 16 m/s 2 K.E. = 640 J

  8. ii. A 40 kg boy is jogging at a velocity of 4 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? K.E. = mv2 2 K.E. = 40 kg X (4 m/s)2 2 K.E. = 40 kg X 16 m/s 2 K.E. = 320 J

  9. iii. A 40 kg boy is jogging at a velocity of 2 m/s. What is his kinetic energy? K.E. = mv2 2 K.E. = 40 kg X (2 m/s)2 2 K.E. = 40 kg X 4 m/s 2 K.E. = 80 J

  10. Potential Energy

  11. d. Calculating Potential Energy Gravitational Potential energy = weight x height P.E. = w x h

  12. e. Potential Energy Units Weight = Newton’s (N) Height = meters (m) P.E. = Joules (J)

  13. f. Practice Problems i. A 22 Newton book is placed on a shelf that is 0.86 meters high. P.E. = w x h P.E. = 22 N x 0.86 m P.E. = 18.92 J

  14. ii. A 22 Newton book is placed on a shelf that is 1.86 meters high. P.E. = w x h P.E. = 22 N x 1.86 m P.E. = 40.92 J

  15. How much Potential Energy does the racquet ball have at 100 cm and 50 cm? The racquet ball weighs 4.2 N. What is the relationship between bounce height and potential energy?

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