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Understanding Neurons and Brain Function: Structure, Action Potentials, and Synapses

This review explores the fundamental components of neurons, including dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath, and synapse, detailing their roles in transmitting neural impulses. It examines body systems like the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Endocrine System (ES), highlighting key brain areas such as the frontal lobe, Wernicke's area, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Additionally, the review addresses critical questions about the function of various brain parts and structures in relation to behavior, emotions, and physiological responses.

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Understanding Neurons and Brain Function: Structure, Action Potentials, and Synapses

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  1. Biological Review

  2. Main Ideas • Neurons (parts; action potential; and synapses) • Body systems – CNS & ES • Brain (areas and parts) • Biological Perspective (parts in relation to behavior & actions)

  3. Picture of Neuron Dendrites Cell Body/Soma Axon & Neural Impulse Myelin Sheath - Axon Terminals

  4. Picture of Synapse

  5. Parts of Brain

  6. Parts of Brain FRONTAL LOBE WERNICKE’S HYPOTHALAMUS CEREBELLUM

  7. Picture of CNS

  8. Picture of ES

  9. Questions 1.) Which part of the neuron “conducts” the message? 2.) Which part of the neuron sends the message? 3.) Which part of the neuron passes the message? 4.) Which part of the neuron receives the message?

  10. Questions 5.) Which part of the brain produces language? 6.) Which part of the brain controls emotions? 7.) Which part of the brain allows you to fall asleep? 8.) Which part of the brain routes all incoming signals?

  11. Questions 9.) What area is between two neurons? 10.) What chemical messengers goes between the neurons? 11.) What part of the ECS is responsible for stress and “fight/flight”? 12. )What types of neurons carries messages in & what sends messages out?

  12. Answers 1.) Myelin Sheath 2.) Axon Terminal 3.) Axon 4.) Dendrite 5.) Broca 6.) Amygdala 7.) Reticular Formation 8.) Thalamus 9.) Synapse 10.) Neurotransmitters 11.) adrenal gland 12.) Sensory and Motor

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