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Chapter 32

Chapter 32. American Life in the “Roaring Twenties”. Seeing Red. Russian Revolution of 1917 caused a small Communist party in US “Red Scare” Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer arrested 6,000 people suspected of communism No violence for social change “Closed Shop” Union

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Chapter 32

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  1. Chapter 32 American Life in the “Roaring Twenties”

  2. Seeing Red • Russian Revolution of 1917 caused a small Communist party in US • “Red Scare” • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer arrested 6,000 people suspected of communism • No violence for social change • “Closed Shop” Union • “Open Shop” non Union

  3. KKK • Membership grew greatly • Pro-Anglo-Saxon, pro-”native” pro-Protestant • 5,000,000 due paying members • Collapsed suddenly in late ’20’s

  4. Foreign Flood • Immigrants from southern & eastern Europe • Immigration Acts - limited immigration—favored GB & Ireland—not Italy • No Japanese immigration • End of unrestricted immigration • Immigrants tended to clump together

  5. Prohibition “Experiment” • 18th amendment –Volstead Act • Popular in South & West • Larger eastern cities against • Naïve & extreme • End it by breaking the law on a large scale • Not enough people to enforce it • “Speakeasies”

  6. Hard liquor became popular • Bank savings increased work absenteeism decreased

  7. Gangsterism • Prohibition increased crime • Bribery • Al Capone—liquor distributor • Prostitution, gambling, & narcotics

  8. Monkey Business • Compulsory education in most states • Students graduating doubled • John Dewey changed education—learning by doing • Evolution destroying faith in God & Bible • “Scopes Monkey Trail”- Science teacher, John Scopes indicted for teaching evolution

  9. William Jennings Bryan on prosecution • Defended by Clarence Darrow • Scopes found guilty • Fined $100 • Fundamentalist won—but looked absurd

  10. Mass-Consumption • Capital investment • Oil fields • Assembly-lines • Automobiles • Advertising • Sports became popular—baseball & boxing

  11. Rubber Tires • Henry Ford & Ransom E. Olds • Detroit • Frederick W. Taylor—”Father of Scientific Management” • Ford socially & culturally narrow • Ford roadster $260 • Model T

  12. Gasoline Age • Gasoline big business • Other industries… rubber, glass, & fabrics, highway construction, service stations, & garages • Petroleum exploded • Cars hurt RRs

  13. Help end isolation • School buses • Millions of people were killed • Young couples started leaving the house for dates • Quick getaways

  14. Wings • Airplane developed in 1903 • WWI expanded use • Charles Lindbergh flew across Atlantic solo • Spirit of St Louis • Many accidents & deaths • Hurt RRs

  15. Radio • Used in WWI • Brought country together • Commercials

  16. Hollywood • Thomas Edison helped developed movies • 1903 1st movie— The Train Robbery • WWI used a giant propaganda • 1927 1st “talkie” The Jazz Singer • People started losing old customs

  17. Dynamic Decade • Most Americans lived in cities • Margaret Sanger—birth control movement • Religion lost many scare tactics • God is good • “Flappers” women • Sexual allure…bathing suits • Sigmund Freud

  18. Harlem Renaissance • Jazz • Langston Hughes The Weary Blues • Marcus Garvey…political leader • Claude McKay • Zora Neale Hurtson • Louis Armstrong • Eubie Blake

  19. Palmer Hayden

  20. William H. Johnson

  21. Lois Mailou Jones

  22. Cultural Liberation • Literature showed youth & energy…no longer difficult life of pioneers • H.L. Mencken • F. Scott Fitzgerald • Ernest Hemingway • Sherwood Anderson • Sinclair Lewis • William Faulkner

  23. Erza Pound • T.S. Elliot • Robert Frost • e.e. Cummings • Eugene O’Neill • Empire State Building 102 stories

  24. Wall Street • 200-300 banks failed • People gambling on the stock market • “On-margin” little down…pay the rest out of the profits • Bureau of Budget • High taxes forced rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than factories that provided jobs

  25. 1921 wealthy person with $1,000,000 paid $663,000 in taxes • Paid $200,000 in 1926 • Shifted tax burden from rich to middle class • Mellon cut budget national debt by $10,000,000

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