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Atmosphere in Motion Chapter 12

Atmosphere in Motion Chapter 12. By Amy Johnson. Atmosphere . gases surrounding the Earth necessary for supporting life protects against harmful UV and X-ray radiation absorbs and distributes warmth. Galileo Galilei. proved air must have weight and contain matter

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Atmosphere in Motion Chapter 12

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  1. Atmosphere in MotionChapter 12 By Amy Johnson

  2. Atmosphere • gases surrounding the Earth • necessary for supporting life • protects against harmful UV and X-ray radiation • absorbs and distributes warmth

  3. Galileo Galilei • proved air must have weight and contain matter • Weighed flask, injected air, and reweighed to find flask with injected air weighed more • Air stores and releases heat, holds moisture, and can exert pressure

  4. Composition of Atmosphere • subject to the pull of gravity • exerts pressure in all directions, therefore cannot be felt • weight is equal to water over 10 m deep • mixture of gases, liquid water, and microscopic particles of solids and other liquids

  5. Gases of the Atmosphere • Nitrogen – most abundant (78%) • Oxygen – necessary for human life (21%) • Variety of other gases in trace amounts • water vapor is critical to weather (up to 4%) • Responsible for clouds and precipitation • carbon dioxide allows plants to make food (.03%) • Absorbs heat and emits it back to warm Earth

  6. Aerosols in the Atmosphere • solids, such as dust, salt, and pollens and tiny droplets of acid • dust comes from volcanoes and wind blowing across the soil • salt results from wind blowing over the ocean • pollen is released by plants • burning coal in power plants also creates aerosols

  7. Lower Layers Troposphere Stratosphere Upper Layers Mesosphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Layers of the Atmosphere based on temperature changes that occur with altitude

  8. Troposphere • closest to the Earth (about 10 km) • contains about ¾ of Earth’s entire atmosphere including clouds and weather • about 50% of Sun’s energy passes through • Earth’s surface heats by conduction • the farther from the surface you get, the cooler it becomes

  9. Stratosphere • above troposphere (10 km – 50 km) • contains most of the ozone • Absorbs ultraviolet radiation to warm area • As you go up, you get warmer • without ozone, the UV radiation would reach Earth and cause health problems

  10. Mesosphere • Extends 50km – 85km above surface • Contains very little ozone so temperature drops to the lowest in atmosphere

  11. Ionosphere • part of mesosphere and thermosphere • due to intense interaction with the sun’s radiation • reflects AM radio waves allowing long-distance communications possible • static results when interaction between this layer and radiation is too active

  12. Thermosphere • reaches 85km – 500km • temperatures increase rapidly • filters out harmful X-rays and gamma rays from the Sun

  13. Exosphere • outermost layer • extends outward to where space begins • no clear boundary to space GREENHOUSE EFFECT

  14. Earth’s Water • 70% of Earth’s surface is water • Stored throughout the land-ocean-atmosphere system in three different states • Solid – snow, ice, glaciers • Liquid – oceans, lakes, rivers • Gas – water vapor • Water Cycle

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