Portland Cement Pervious Concrete The Concrete That Drinks

2. What is Portland Cement Pervious Concrete? A No-Fines Concrete Mix Coarse Aggregate Portland Cement Water Intended for use as an open-graded drainage material Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete that allows rainwater to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site. Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete that allows rainwater to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site.

3. Benefits of Portland Cement Pervious Concrete Economic Environmental There are both economic and environmental benefits of pervious concrete.There are both economic and environmental benefits of pervious concrete.

4. Economic Benefits Pervious concrete is durable with a life span of 30 years plus. The use of pervious reduces grading, engineering time, construction time and expenses. Grading requirements are reduced because there is no need to slope the parking area to storm drains. There is little to no maintenance cost associated with pervious concrete. Pervious concrete is a sustainable paving material. Most parking areas when properly constructed will last 30 plus years. The placement of pervious is very easy because pervious concrete doesn�t need to be worked with a bull float or trowel which lowers installation costs.Pervious concrete is durable with a life span of 30 years plus. The use of pervious reduces grading, engineering time, construction time and expenses. Grading requirements are reduced because there is no need to slope the parking area to storm drains. There is little to no maintenance cost associated with pervious concrete. Pervious concrete is a sustainable paving material. Most parking areas when properly constructed will last 30 plus years. The placement of pervious is very easy because pervious concrete doesn�t need to be worked with a bull float or trowel which lowers installation costs.

5. Economic Benefits Installing traditional curbs, gutters, storm drain inlets, piping and retention basins can cost two to three times more than low-impact strategies for handling water runoff such as pervious concrete. The use of pervious concrete typically eliminates the need for storm sewer tie-ins, which eliminates the cost of installing underground piping and storm drains. Pervious may also reduce the need for municipalities to increase the size of existing storm sewer systems due to growth of residential and commercial developments. Pervious doubles as a stormwater management system, allowing for maximum use of the land. There is no need to install large retention ponds and other water-retention and filtering systems, allowing the owner to maximize the use of his property.Installing traditional curbs, gutters, storm drain inlets, piping and retention basins can cost two to three times more than low-impact strategies for handling water runoff such as pervious concrete. The use of pervious concrete typically eliminates the need for storm sewer tie-ins, which eliminates the cost of installing underground piping and storm drains. Pervious may also reduce the need for municipalities to increase the size of existing storm sewer systems due to growth of residential and commercial developments. Pervious doubles as a stormwater management system, allowing for maximum use of the land. There is no need to install large retention ponds and other water-retention and filtering systems, allowing the owner to maximize the use of his property.

6. Environmental Benefits There are many environmental benefits associated with the use of pervious concrete. Stormwater runoff is one of the leading sources of pollutants entering our waterways. According to the EPA, about 90% of surface pollutants are carried by the first 1 � inch of rainfall. Stormwater drains don�t typically channel this polluted runoff to treatment facilities, but direct it to the local water bodies. This can increase algae content, harm aquatic life, and require expensive treatments to make the water potable. Keep in mind that pervious allows the groundwater to be recharged and water resources are preserved. Also, storm water runoff is reduced. Pervious concrete can take in stormwater at a rate of 3 � 5 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area. This rate exceeds the flow rate needed to prevent runoff in most rain events. The rainwater may be stored in a coarse gravel layer underneath the pavement of allowed to percolate into the soil. There are many environmental benefits associated with the use of pervious concrete. Stormwater runoff is one of the leading sources of pollutants entering our waterways. According to the EPA, about 90% of surface pollutants are carried by the first 1 � inch of rainfall. Stormwater drains don�t typically channel this polluted runoff to treatment facilities, but direct it to the local water bodies. This can increase algae content, harm aquatic life, and require expensive treatments to make the water potable. Keep in mind that pervious allows the groundwater to be recharged and water resources are preserved. Also, storm water runoff is reduced. Pervious concrete can take in stormwater at a rate of 3 � 5 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area. This rate exceeds the flow rate needed to prevent runoff in most rain events. The rainwater may be stored in a coarse gravel layer underneath the pavement of allowed to percolate into the soil.

7. Environmental Benefits The percolation process helps to purify the water. Aerobic bacteria in the voids help to break down harmful pollutants and chemicals in the water as percolation occurs. These pollutants are usually sediment (dirt and debris), Heavy Metals (from the brake linings of cars), and Hydrocarbons. The primary contributor of hydrocarbons is asphalt. Studies have shown that 90 to 95% of the hydrocarbons in urban runoff is from the binder and sealer used for asphalt pavements. First Flush: Pervious concrete area captures and aerobically degrades much of the hydrocarbon residue � the remainder is degraded by soil bacteria The percolation process helps to purify the water. Aerobic bacteria in the voids help to break down harmful pollutants and chemicals in the water as percolation occurs. These pollutants are usually sediment (dirt and debris), Heavy Metals (from the brake linings of cars), and Hydrocarbons. The primary contributor of hydrocarbons is asphalt. Studies have shown that 90 to 95% of the hydrocarbons in urban runoff is from the binder and sealer used for asphalt pavements. First Flush: Pervious concrete area captures and aerobically degrades much of the hydrocarbon residue � the remainder is degraded by soil bacteria

8. Environmental Benefits Pervious concrete pavements aid in reducing the urban heat island effect. The surfaces are lighter in color and have an open cell structure and therefore don�t absorb and store heat and then radiate it back into the environment like an asphalt surface. Pervious concrete is also reflective due to its light color, reducing the requirements for lighting at night. Safety is increased because pervious does not allow the surface to puddle, reducing hydroplaning and tire spray. Pervious concrete is available in many colors enabling coordination with surrounding buildings and landscape. Pervious concrete pavements aid in reducing the urban heat island effect. The surfaces are lighter in color and have an open cell structure and therefore don�t absorb and store heat and then radiate it back into the environment like an asphalt surface. Pervious concrete is also reflective due to its light color, reducing the requirements for lighting at night. Safety is increased because pervious does not allow the surface to puddle, reducing hydroplaning and tire spray. Pervious concrete is available in many colors enabling coordination with surrounding buildings and landscape.

9. Environmental Benefits Projects can achieve the zero runoff requirement when used in conjunction with trenches underneath filled with open-graded stone to act as reservoirs. The pervious concrete allows the rainfall to seep through the parking area, and then the reservoirs where needed, hold the water until it can seep back into the ground. Pervious also channels more water to tree roots and landscaping reducing the need for irrigation. Cool Communities is a nonprofit program aimed at improving air and water quality and conserving energy by promoting the use of lighter, reflective paving and roofing materials. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design is a point rated system devised by the United States Green Building Council to evaluate the environmental performance of a building. Credits can be earned by the use of pervious concrete for Stormwater Management and Energy Efficiency related to Reflectivity. Projects can achieve the zero runoff requirement when used in conjunction with trenches underneath filled with open-graded stone to act as reservoirs. The pervious concrete allows the rainfall to seep through the parking area, and then the reservoirs where needed, hold the water until it can seep back into the ground. Pervious also channels more water to tree roots and landscaping reducing the need for irrigation. Cool Communities is a nonprofit program aimed at improving air and water quality and conserving energy by promoting the use of lighter, reflective paving and roofing materials. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design is a point rated system devised by the United States Green Building Council to evaluate the environmental performance of a building. Credits can be earned by the use of pervious concrete for Stormwater Management and Energy Efficiency related to Reflectivity.

10. Limitations Can be a problem on heavily traveled roads � surface raveling Initial soils site survey and site-specific stormwater calculations should be performed by a stormwater management engineer Pervious concrete is not by any means the cure all. It does have limitations. The use of pervious concrete can be a problem on heavily traveled roads. The heavy use may lead to surface raveling. An initial soils site survey and site-specific stormwater calculation should be performed by a stormwater management engineer to evaluate what subgrade requirements are necessary for the particular project.Pervious concrete is not by any means the cure all. It does have limitations. The use of pervious concrete can be a problem on heavily traveled roads. The heavy use may lead to surface raveling. An initial soils site survey and site-specific stormwater calculation should be performed by a stormwater management engineer to evaluate what subgrade requirements are necessary for the particular project.

11. Typical Applications for Portland Cement Pervious Concrete Light Duty Parking Areas Nature Trails / Park Pathways Erosion Control Slope Stabilization Greenhouses / Nurseries Environmentally Sensitive Developments Typical applications for Pervious Concrete are: Light duty parking areas, Nature trails and park pathways, Erosion Control, Slope stabilization, greenhouse and nurseries, and environmentally sensitive developments.Typical applications for Pervious Concrete are: Light duty parking areas, Nature trails and park pathways, Erosion Control, Slope stabilization, greenhouse and nurseries, and environmentally sensitive developments.

12. The best application for pervious concrete is parking lots.The best application for pervious concrete is parking lots.

13. Properties of Portland Cement Pervious Concrete 15% to 35% air void content 100 to 120 lbs/ft3 unit weight 500 to 4000 psi strength design Drainage rate = 3 to 5 gal/min/ft2 Washed stone base* (depth varies depending on soils) Sub base can be eliminated on sites where drainage is not a problem No contraction joints necessary Properties of pervious concrete include a void content of 15 to 35%, a unit weight of 100 to 120 lbs cu ft, a design strength of 500 to 4000 psi, a drainage rate of 3 to 5 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area, use of a stone base if necessary, and no contraction joints are necessary.Properties of pervious concrete include a void content of 15 to 35%, a unit weight of 100 to 120 lbs cu ft, a design strength of 500 to 4000 psi, a drainage rate of 3 to 5 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area, use of a stone base if necessary, and no contraction joints are necessary.

14. Typical Portland Cement Pervious Concrete Mix Design 500 � 600 lbs. Portland Cement 27 ft3 Coarse Aggregate (Multiply bulk density by 27) 1 to 1 � lbs Synthetic Fiber Sufficient water to display a wet, metallic sheen on the aggregate A typical mix design for pervious would have a cement content in the range of 500 to 600 lbs, 27 cu ft of stone (determined by multiplying the bulk density by 27), 1 to 1.5 lbs of synthetic fiber, and sufficient water to display a wet sheen on the aggregate.A typical mix design for pervious would have a cement content in the range of 500 to 600 lbs, 27 cu ft of stone (determined by multiplying the bulk density by 27), 1 to 1.5 lbs of synthetic fiber, and sufficient water to display a wet sheen on the aggregate.

15. This is a typical schematic of a parking lot design. This includes 6� of pervious concrete with 4� of stone base. This is a typical schematic of a parking lot design. This includes 6� of pervious concrete with 4� of stone base.

16. Construction - Subgrade Subgrade compacted to a minimum density of 90-98% Subgrade should be damp but have no standing water Ruts or grooves should be repaired The construction practices of a pervious concrete project are very similar to that of conventional concrete. The subgrade should be compacted to a minimum density of 90-98%. The subgrade should be damp but have no standing water prior to placement. Any ruts or grooves should be repaired.The construction practices of a pervious concrete project are very similar to that of conventional concrete. The subgrade should be compacted to a minimum density of 90-98%. The subgrade should be damp but have no standing water prior to placement. Any ruts or grooves should be repaired.

17. Construction - Subgrade Impervious Soils place a clean layer of washed #57�s under the Pervious Concrete 2 � 3 inches thick Stone base can store the design volume of water for percolation over several hours If impervious soils are encountered, a clean layer of washed 57�s should be placed under the pervious concrete. The thickness should be 2 � 3 inches are more depending on the analysis of the Soils Engineer. The stone base can store the design volume of water for percolation over several hours.If impervious soils are encountered, a clean layer of washed 57�s should be placed under the pervious concrete. The thickness should be 2 � 3 inches are more depending on the analysis of the Soils Engineer. The stone base can store the design volume of water for percolation over several hours.

18. Installation - Placement Delivered by conventional ready-mix trucks or dump trucks Placed in standard forms or with paver Use mechanical strike off operation to level pervious concrete Pervious concrete can be delivered by conventional ready mix trucks or dump trucks. It can be placed in standard forms or with a paver. Mechanical strike off should be used to level the pervious concrete.Pervious concrete can be delivered by conventional ready mix trucks or dump trucks. It can be placed in standard forms or with a paver. Mechanical strike off should be used to level the pervious concrete.

19. Installation - Placement Use full width heavy roller or other full width compaction device (allow for � to � inch additional thickness) If vibrators used, turn off if forward progress is halted A full width heavy roller or other full width compaction device should be used. Allow for � to � inch additional thickness prior to compaction. If vibrators are used, be sure to turn them off if forward progress is halted. A full width heavy roller or other full width compaction device should be used. Allow for � to � inch additional thickness prior to compaction. If vibrators are used, be sure to turn them off if forward progress is halted.

20. Installation - Finishing Do Not bull float Do Not trowel These operations can seal off the pavement surface and decrease water penetration Do Not Bull Float or Trowel. These operations can seal off the surface of the pavement and decrease water penetration.Do Not Bull Float or Trowel. These operations can seal off the surface of the pavement and decrease water penetration.

21. Curing Critical Low Water/Cementitious Ratio Begin cure within 20 minutes after final placement operation Mist and cover with plastic Keep damp for seven days Curing of a pervious pavement is critical. Pervious concrete typically has a low water/cement ratio. Curing should begin within 20 minutes after final placement operations. Mist and cover with plastic. Also, keep the surface damp for 7 days.Curing of a pervious pavement is critical. Pervious concrete typically has a low water/cement ratio. Curing should begin within 20 minutes after final placement operations. Mist and cover with plastic. Also, keep the surface damp for 7 days.

22. Jointing May be jointed using a jointing tool Not necessary � may accelerate unraveling of aggregate at the joint edge Jointing may be performed if required. It is not necessary and please note that it may accelerate the unraveling of aggregate at the joint edge.Jointing may be performed if required. It is not necessary and please note that it may accelerate the unraveling of aggregate at the joint edge.

23. Maintenance Sweep Pressure Wash Vacuum Maintenance is minimal on a pervious surface. Maintenance is minimal on a pervious surface.

24. This pervious concrete driveway in Walnut Creek, Calif., saved the homeowner $100,000 by eliminating the cost of connecting to the county-owned storm sewer system. This pervious concrete driveway in Walnut Creek, CA saved the $100,000 by eliminating the cost of connecting to the county owned storm sewer system.This pervious concrete driveway in Walnut Creek, CA saved the $100,000 by eliminating the cost of connecting to the county owned storm sewer system.

25. The new Eagle Canyon exhibit at the Portland, Ore., zoo features a rustic pervious concrete pathway winding through a terrain of faux boulders. A pervious walkway was utilized at the new Eagle Canyon exhibit at the Portland, Oregon zoo blending perfectly with the surrounding landscapeA pervious walkway was utilized at the new Eagle Canyon exhibit at the Portland, Oregon zoo blending perfectly with the surrounding landscape

26. Freeze-Thaw Durability 15 to 35% of interconnected voids Pervious concrete that is partially saturated should have sufficient voids for the movement of water Structural damage could occur if the pavement becomes fully saturated or the ability of the concrete to drain water is compromised due to clogging Many questions have been raised about the freeze-thaw durability of pervious concrete. Keep in mind that pervious is 15 to 35% interconnected voids. Even if pervious is partially saturated, the should be sufficient voids for the movement of water. Structural damage could occur if the pavement becomes fully saturated or the ability of the concrete to drain water is compromised due to clogging.Many questions have been raised about the freeze-thaw durability of pervious concrete. Keep in mind that pervious is 15 to 35% interconnected voids. Even if pervious is partially saturated, the should be sufficient voids for the movement of water. Structural damage could occur if the pavement becomes fully saturated or the ability of the concrete to drain water is compromised due to clogging.

27. Let�s Take a Look at Some Recent Projects Let�s take a look at a recent project.Let�s take a look at a recent project.

28. NEW JERSEY DOT - NORTH REGION RT. 23 SUSSEX, NEW JERSEY SEPTEMBER 27, 1999 PROBLEM: SLOPE EROSION The north region of New Jersey DOT was experiencing slope erosion on Rt 23 in Sussex, New Jersey.The north region of New Jersey DOT was experiencing slope erosion on Rt 23 in Sussex, New Jersey.

29. DESIGN TEAM PROMOTION FRANK LENNOX, HERCULES CEMENT CO. ENGINEER SCOTT SHELDON, NJDOT PROJECT ENGINEER, REGION NORTH, MAINTENANCE CONSTRUCTION NJDOT REGION NORTH MAINTENANCE CREW The design team consisted of Frank Lennox of Hercules Cement Co., Scott Sheldon of NJDOT and the Maintenance crew for the North Region.The design team consisted of Frank Lennox of Hercules Cement Co., Scott Sheldon of NJDOT and the Maintenance crew for the North Region.

30. CROSS SECTION Here is a cross section of the project. The slope was 1:1.5 feet. A two feet trench was dug at the bottom of the slope. A geotextile fabric was placed over the dirt prior to the placement of the pervious material.Here is a cross section of the project. The slope was 1:1.5 feet. A two feet trench was dug at the bottom of the slope. A geotextile fabric was placed over the dirt prior to the placement of the pervious material.

31. BEFORE CONSTRUCTION This is a picture of the project prior to construction.This is a picture of the project prior to construction.

32. ASPHALT DID NOT WORK As you can see, the slope is failing, causing the guide rail to slide down the hill.As you can see, the slope is failing, causing the guide rail to slide down the hill.

33. Removed vegetation and covered asphalt with dirt. The vegetation was removed and the existing asphalt was covered with dirt.The vegetation was removed and the existing asphalt was covered with dirt.

34. Dug a trench to hold back concrete. A trench was dug at the base of the slope to hold back the concrete.A trench was dug at the base of the slope to hold back the concrete.

35. SLOPE COVERED WITH GEO-TECH FABRIC The geo-tech fabric was placed.The geo-tech fabric was placed.

36. PORTLAND CEMENT PERVIOUS CONCRETE FALLS INTO PLACE The pervious concrete was placed.The pervious concrete was placed.

37. CEMENT, STONE AND A LITTLE WATER As you can see, the concrete has a sheen to it, but it is not too wet.As you can see, the concrete has a sheen to it, but it is not too wet.

38. MIX DESIGN The mix design used for this project consisted of 564 lbs of cement, 1800 lbs of #57, 880 lbs of #8, and 206 lbs of water resulting in a water/cement/ratio of .36The mix design used for this project consisted of 564 lbs of cement, 1800 lbs of #57, 880 lbs of #8, and 206 lbs of water resulting in a water/cement/ratio of .36

39. FAQ�S Where can I get pervious concrete? Many ready mix producers can supply pervious concrete. Contact your local concrete association or a supplier in your area. Many ready mix producers can supply pervious concrete. Contact your local concrete association or a supplier in your area. Many ready mix producers can supply pervious concrete. Contact your local concrete association or a supplier in your area.

40. FAQ�S Can the voids in the pavement become clogged and ineffective? Unlikely with good design It is unlikely that a pervious surface will become totally clogged. Reducing erosion and sediment run off onto the pavement through good design can eliminate most problems. If any voids be come clogged, vacuuming or pressure washing can restore roughly 90% of the permeability. It is unlikely that a pervious surface will become totally clogged. Reducing erosion and sediment run off onto the pavement through good design can eliminate most problems. If any voids be come clogged, vacuuming or pressure washing can restore roughly 90% of the permeability.

41. FAQ�S Can decorative treatments be applied to pervious pavements? Integral coloring or water based concrete stains can be used in pervious concrete to enhance the surrounding landscape. Integral coloring can be used in pervious concrete to enhance the surrounding landscape. Also water based concrete stains may be used. Do not use solvent based coatings as they may clog the voids. Because pervious is much stiffer than conventional concrete, stamping is very difficult but it is possible to score decorative lines in the surface. Integral coloring can be used in pervious concrete to enhance the surrounding landscape. Also water based concrete stains may be used. Do not use solvent based coatings as they may clog the voids. Because pervious is much stiffer than conventional concrete, stamping is very difficult but it is possible to score decorative lines in the surface.

42. FAQ�S How strong is typical pervious concrete pavement? Compressive strengths of 3000 to 4000 psi It is possible to achieve compressive strengths of 3000 to 4000 psi and flexural strengths of 500 to 600 psi which are equal to conventional concrete. It is possible to achieve compressive strengths of 3000 to 4000 psi and flexural strengths of 500 to 600 psi which are equal to conventional concrete.

43. FAQ�S Can pervious concrete be used in climates exposed to freezing and thawing? Should be sufficient voids for the movement of water Even if pervious is partially saturated, the should be sufficient voids for the movement of water. Structural damage could occur if the pavement becomes fully saturated or the ability of the concrete to drain water is compromised due to clogging. Even if pervious is partially saturated, the should be sufficient voids for the movement of water. Structural damage could occur if the pavement becomes fully saturated or the ability of the concrete to drain water is compromised due to clogging.

44. FAQ�S Can pervious be used over impervious soils? Should be installed over a permeable subgrade layer of stone several inches thick Pervious can be placed over impervious soils but the pervious should be installed over a permeable subgrade layer of stone several inches thick. This will allow the pavement to hold more water until it is absorbed into the ground. Pervious can be placed over impervious soils but the pervious should be installed over a permeable subgrade layer of stone several inches thick. This will allow the pavement to hold more water until it is absorbed into the ground.

45. FAQ�S If the subgrade soil gets saturated will it become weak and cause pavement failure? Pervious should not be placed directly on impervious subgrade soils Once again, pervious should not be placed directly on impervious subgrade soils. Keep in mind that autos only place 30 � 50 psi stress on the surface of a pavement and the load �spreading� ability of pervious concrete and aggregate base material reduces the ultimate stress on the subgrade soils to a very low number. Unless the soil is extremely poor, auto traffic loads should be accommodated by pervious concrete paving Once again, pervious should not be placed directly on impervious subgrade soils. Keep in mind that autos only place 30 � 50 psi stress on the surface of a pavement and the load �spreading� ability of pervious concrete and aggregate base material reduces the ultimate stress on the subgrade soils to a very low number. Unless the soil is extremely poor, auto traffic loads should be accommodated by pervious concrete paving

46. FAQ�S What about maintenance? Occasionally sweep, pressure wash, or vacuum The only maintenance needed is to occasionally sweep, pressure wash, or vacuum the pavement to remove the debris that may clog the void structure. The only maintenance needed is to occasionally sweep, pressure wash, or vacuum the pavement to remove the debris that may clog the void structure.

47. FAQ�S Will high heels get stuck in the open cell structure? Should not be a concern The open cell structure of pervious is tight enough for walking on with high heels. This should not be a concern.The open cell structure of pervious is tight enough for walking on with high heels. This should not be a concern.

48. FAQ�S What about cost? Typically less expensive than other alternatives Pervious concrete paving is typically less expensive than other alternatives. The parking lot is able to double as the storm water management system, the cost of the land for detention ponds, the cost of constructing the detention pond, and the cost of �first flush� mitigation facilities are saved. The actual cost of the pervious concrete material may be up to 20% higher than conventional concrete due to additional material costs. Pervious concrete paving is typically less expensive than other alternatives. The parking lot is able to double as the storm water management system, the cost of the land for detention ponds, the cost of constructing the detention pond, and the cost of �first flush� mitigation facilities are saved. The actual cost of the pervious concrete material may be up to 20% higher than conventional concrete due to additional material costs.

51. Pennsylvania Concrete Promotion Council 1-800-251-0616 www.paconcrete.com American Concrete Institute 248-848-3700 www.aci-int.org Portland Cement Association 847-966-6200 www.portcement.org

53. Thank You For Coming!