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Overview and Context of Cloud Systems for Libraries

2009 Annual ASERL Membership Meeting. Overview and Context of Cloud Systems for Libraries. Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library http://www.librarytechnology.org/. What is Cloud Computing?. Highly abstracted model of computing

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Overview and Context of Cloud Systems for Libraries

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  1. 2009 Annual ASERL Membership Meeting Overview and Context of Cloud Systems for Libraries Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University Library http://www.librarytechnology.org/

  2. What is Cloud Computing? • Highly abstracted model of computing • Displaces the need for local hardware and software • Provisioned on demand • Metered use of storage and computing cycles • Platform-as-a-service • Storage-as-a-service • Emerging model for library discovery and automation • Increasingly dubbed “Web-scale”

  3. Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the Web • Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver content to library patrons • Google Scholar • Amazon.com • Wikipedia • Ask.com • Do Library Web sites and catalogs meet the information needs of our users? • Do they attract their interest?

  4. Libraries in Transition • Print > Electronic • Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • New generations of library users: • Millennial generation • Web savvy • Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts

  5. The Competition

  6. Disjointed approach to information and service delivery • Silos Prevail • Books: Library OPAC (ILS module) • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • All searched separately

  7. More than the “library catalog” • More comprehensive information discovery environments • Primary search tool that extends beyond print resources • Digital resources cannot be an afterthought • Systems designed for e-content only are also problematic • Forcing users to use different interfaces depending on type of content becoming less tenable • Libraries working toward consolidated user environments that give equal footing to digital and print resources

  8. Evolutionary Path • Bound handwritten catalogs • Card Catalogs • Library online catalogs – OPACs • Discovery interfaces • Web-scale discovery services

  9. A simple vision Search: • A single point of entry to all the content and services offered by the library

  10. Modernized Interface • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services

  11. Online Catalog vs. Discovery Layer • Discovery Layer • Modern interface elements • Scope: aims to address broad range of components that constitute library collections • Online Catalog • Interface conventions from an earlier Web era • Scope: Tied to the ILS and its content domain

  12. Discovery Products

  13. Decoupled from ILS

  14. Decoupled from ILS

  15. Discovery Interface Products • AquaBrowser • Ex Libris Primo • Innovative Interfaces: Encore • Serials Solutions: Summon (under development) • SirsiDynix Enterprise • The Library Corporation: LS2 PAC • VUFind (open source) • BiblioCommons • eXtensible Catalog (under development)

  16. Social discovery • Tags, user-supplied ratings and reviews • Leverage social networking interactions to assist readers in identifying interesting materials: BiblioCommons • Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service

  17. Discovery product Trend • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Primo Central

  18. Beyond Federated search • Federated Search / Metasearch use real-time queries against multiple information targets • No centralized index – presentation of dynamic results • Shallow results -- only a few results initially fetched from each target • Difficult to calculate relevancy • Performance challenges

  19. ILS Data Federated Search Digital Collections Search: ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

  20. ILS Data Discovery Interface Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost MetaSearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

  21. ILS Data Web-scale Search Digital Collections Search: ProQuest EBSCOhost Search Results Consolidated Index … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Pre-built harvesting and indexing

  22. Beyond local discovery interfaces • Pre-populated indexes • Web-scale • Exploits the full depth and breadth of library collections • Beyond the bounds of the local library’s collection • Targets the universe of objective, vetted library content • Includes full-text indexing to the fullest extent possible

  23. Web scale discovery • Indexing the full corpus of information available globally • Or at least major portions • Google aims to address all the world’s information • Not quite comprehensive – partial harvesting of any given resource • Discovery Layer Products for libraries aim to address all content collected by libraries: • Print • Remotely access electronic content: e-journals, e-books, databases, licensed and open access. • Local special collections: digital and print. • Addresses the comprehensive body of content held within library collections • Comprehensive, unified

  24. Pre-populated discovery services • New-generation interface • Harvested local content • ILS metadata • Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital Collection platforms • Vendor-supplied indexes of library content • E-journals, databases, e-books • Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content subscriptions • Book collections beyond local library collections

  25. Deep indexing • Entering post-metadata search era • Increasing opportunities to search the full contents • Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open Content Alliance, government publications, etc. • High-quality metadata will improve search precision • Commercial search providers already offer “search inside the book” and searching across the full text of large book collections • Not currently available through most library search environments • Will be an important feature of projects such as HathiTrust • Deep search highly improved by high-quality metadata

  26. Discovery / Library Business Automation • Now viewed as separate problem • Many interdependencies • Current model of feeding discovery systems from many underlying repositories • ILS / e-journal collections / collections of digital objects • Will models of resource management change to consolidate the repositories? • Realign Discovery and management?

  27. Competing Models of Library Automation • Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS • Millennium, Symphony, Polaris • Traditional Open Source ILS • Evergreen, Koha • Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready) • Ex Libris URM, OLE Project • Cloud-based automation system • WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license management)

  28. A new phase of library automation • Beyond selecting one brand from an assortment of similar products • Several conceptually diverse options • Companies and projects now competing on innovation

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