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Light

Light. Part 2. Reflection. Occurs when waves traveling in one media reach a boundary with another media and bounce back into the first medium Total Reflection  all of the wave energy is transmitted back Partial Reflection  some of the wave energy is transmitted into the new medium.

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Light

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  1. Light Part 2

  2. Reflection • Occurs when waves traveling in one media reach a boundary with another media and bounce back into the first medium • Total Reflection all of the wave energy is transmitted back • Partial Reflection  some of the wave energy is transmitted into the new medium

  3. Reflection • Amount of reflection is dependent on the rigidity of the media • Metals  very rigid; reflect most light • Glass/Water  not as rigid to light waves; allows waves to pass through

  4. Law of Reflection • Incident waves and reflected waves make equal angles with a line perpendicular to the surface, called the normal. • Angle of Incidence  angle made by the incidence wave and the normal • Angle of Reflection  angle made by the reflected wave and the normal

  5. Mirrors • Virtual Images images seen in a mirror that appear to originate behind the mirror • Light does not pass through the image position, but behaves like it does • Convex Mirror  creates virtual images smaller and closer to the mirror • Concave Mirror  creates virtual images larger and farther away

  6. Mirrors • Mirror Equation 1/p + 1/q = 1/f p  object distance (do) q  image distance (di) f  focal length • Object and image distance are positive when measured from center of mirror to any point in front of mirror • Object and image heights are positive when above the principle axis and negative below

  7. Mirrors • Focal Length of a curved mirror is one half the radius of curvature • Concave Mirror  focal length is positive • Convex Mirror  focal length is negative

  8. Mirrors • Magnification Equation M = hi/ho = -q/p • M is positive when the image is in front of the mirror and inverted • M is negative when the image is behind the mirror and upright

  9. Reflection of Sound • Echoes sound reflects better off large, rigid, smooth surfaces  reflects less if the surface is irregular and soft • Acoustics  study of the reflective properties of sound • Reverberations  garbled sound caused by multiple reflections

  10. Refraction • The bending of waves that results from waves being made to travel more slowly (or quickly) than another part

  11. Refraction of Sound • Refracted due to differences of media or difference within a media • Warm Air waves bend away from the ground and seem to not carry well • Cold Air  waves bend toward the ground and seem to carry well

  12. Refraction of Light • When one part of the ray is made to travel more slowly than another, the rays are refracted closer to the normal • Causes pools and ponds to appear shallower than they are since the speed of light is changed when the light waves move from air into water

  13. Refraction of Light • Atmospheric Mirages •  very hot air close to the ground causes a speeding up and bending of light waves, producing an image •  image would appear upside down to the observer just as if it were reflected off of water, but it is refracted

  14. Snell’s Law • n1sinq1 = n2sinq2 n  index of refraction q1  angle of incidence q2  angle of refraction

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