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Understanding Respiratory Physiology: Mechanics of Inhalation and Exhalation

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This overview explores the intricacies of the respiratory system, focusing on the processes of inhalation and exhalation. Key components such as the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and lungs are examined, highlighting their roles in filtering, warming, and moistening air. Mechanics of breathing involve the diaphragm and ribs, with pressure changes allowing air to flow in and out. Additionally, gas exchange, oxygen transport, and CO2 removal are discussed, including the regulatory role of the medulla oblongata and the Bohr effect on oxygen binding.

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Understanding Respiratory Physiology: Mechanics of Inhalation and Exhalation

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  1. Respiratory system Exercise Physiology

  2. Inhalation • Nasal cavity • Hairs: filter air • Mucus: filters & moistens • Blood vessels: warm air • Pharnyx (throat) • Larynx (voice box)- glottis, epiglottis • Trachea (wind pipe)- mucus & hairs. cartilage rings maintain shape. •Bronchi- Lungs (Bronchioles, alveoli)

  3. Mechanics of breathing- Inhaling • Pleural fluid- between lungs & chest wall two layers stick together during inhalation • Ribs move up and out b/c of external intercoastal muscles • Diaphragm- contracts downward. • as all the above happen the pressure inside the chest cavity drops & air flows in. Path of air in respiratory tract diaphragm & ribs movement

  4. Mechanics of breathing- Exhaling • Passive process • Diaphragm relaxes & goes back up forcing air out • Forces exhalation requires use of other muscles. (internal intercoastal muscles pec major, minor, traps, rhomboids) Respiration inhale - exhale 9min

  5. Diffusion- Pressure differences • Passive transport of gases • High to low pressure • Higher pressure in lungs (alveoli) than in capillaries. • Higher pressure in blood vessels than in cells of tissues • CO2 metabolic waste carried to lungs – diffuses into vessels and into lungs.

  6. Oxygen Transport • Transported 2 ways: • Attached to hemoglobin - 98.5% • Dissolved in blood plasma – 1.5% • Hemoglobin – contains iron, binds to oxygen. - oxyhemoglobin (with oxygen) - deoxyhemoglobin (without oxygen) - binding, unbinding- occurs in lungs

  7. CO2 Removal • Diffuses into blood stream then into alveoli • 3 forms of Carbon dioxide • Bicarbonate ions 70% • Bond to hemoglobin 23% • Dissolved in plasma 7% gas exchange in respiratory system 8min

  8. What controls gas exchange? • Bohr Effect- O2 levels in blood • if the pH was lower than normal (normal physiological pH is 7.4), then hemoglobin does not bind oxygen as well. • Lactic Acid & Carbonic Acid build up in blood- cause pH to be lower ( become more acidic) ● Respiration is controlled by the medulla oblongata

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