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Respiratory system

Respiratory system. Exercise Physiology. Inhalation. Nasal cavity Hairs: filter air Mucus: filters & moistens Blood vessels: warm air • Pharnyx (throat) • Larynx (voice box)- glottis, epiglottis • Trachea (wind pipe)- mucus & hairs. cartilage rings maintain shape.

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Respiratory system

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  1. Respiratory system Exercise Physiology

  2. Inhalation • Nasal cavity • Hairs: filter air • Mucus: filters & moistens • Blood vessels: warm air • Pharnyx (throat) • Larynx (voice box)- glottis, epiglottis • Trachea (wind pipe)- mucus & hairs. cartilage rings maintain shape. •Bronchi- Lungs (Bronchioles, alveoli)

  3. Mechanics of breathing- Inhaling • Pleural fluid- between lungs & chest wall two layers stick together during inhalation • Ribs move up and out b/c of external intercoastal muscles • Diaphragm- contracts downward. • as all the above happen the pressure inside the chest cavity drops & air flows in. Path of air in respiratory tract diaphragm & ribs movement

  4. Mechanics of breathing- Exhaling • Passive process • Diaphragm relaxes & goes back up forcing air out • Forces exhalation requires use of other muscles. (internal intercoastal muscles pec major, minor, traps, rhomboids) Respiration inhale - exhale 9min

  5. Diffusion- Pressure differences • Passive transport of gases • High to low pressure • Higher pressure in lungs (alveoli) than in capillaries. • Higher pressure in blood vessels than in cells of tissues • CO2 metabolic waste carried to lungs – diffuses into vessels and into lungs.

  6. Oxygen Transport • Transported 2 ways: • Attached to hemoglobin - 98.5% • Dissolved in blood plasma – 1.5% • Hemoglobin – contains iron, binds to oxygen. - oxyhemoglobin (with oxygen) - deoxyhemoglobin (without oxygen) - binding, unbinding- occurs in lungs

  7. CO2 Removal • Diffuses into blood stream then into alveoli • 3 forms of Carbon dioxide • Bicarbonate ions 70% • Bond to hemoglobin 23% • Dissolved in plasma 7% gas exchange in respiratory system 8min

  8. What controls gas exchange? • Bohr Effect- O2 levels in blood • if the pH was lower than normal (normal physiological pH is 7.4), then hemoglobin does not bind oxygen as well. • Lactic Acid & Carbonic Acid build up in blood- cause pH to be lower ( become more acidic) ● Respiration is controlled by the medulla oblongata

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