Bellwork - have slate on desk !

1. Bellwork- have slate on desk! • Explain how you would build this LEGO penguin? • What “rules” do you have to follow when building something with LEGOs? (i.e. how do they work?) • What would happen if you didn’t have all of the right pieces? • Find the TATA box & transcribe the gene into mRNA (hint: a gene must code for more than one amino acids): GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT • Translate the mRNA into an amino acid sequence using a codon wheel to find the secret word. • When you are finished work on the “Secret Messages” assignment

2. Bellwork check GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT Transcription mRNA: CGC AUG UAC GAA AGU UGA GCU Translation Amino acids: --- start(M) Y E S stop ---

3. Protein Folding (On back of notetaker) • After translation, amino acid chains must fold into the correct 3D shape before they can begin working in the cell.

4. Remember this? • Enzymes (a type of protein) must be the correct shape to carry out their function Discuss with your neighbor: How might proteins get folded into the correct shape?

5. Amino Acid Sequence! • Amino acids interact based on their chemical structure • Example: Cysteines (C) always form a “bridge” which folds the protein (Like lego pieces)

6. Amino acid side chains

7. Try it Out • Toober = amino acid chain • Tacks = different amino acid “side chains” (compounds that stick off the side) • Randomly distribute the 15 tacks on your toober • GREEN tacks represent cysteines fold your protein to create a disulfide bridge between the 2 cysteines

8. Fold your protein according to the amino acid side chain rules

9. How did you do? • Trade proteins with another pair, and see if they followed all of the rules. If not, show them where to fix it!

10. Based on your final protein shape, draw what shape your protein would have? Add a picture of what the substrate it acts on might look like? Draw your protein & the substrate it would act on in the draw-box on your notes

11. Think about it • Were some proteins easier to fold than others? • What do you think happened over time to proteins that were too difficult to fold? • Suggest how protein folding could be related to evolution

12. What’s a mutation?

13. Modeling a mutation • Remove the yellow hydrophobic amino acid closest to the top • Replace it with a white polar amino acid • Fix your amino acid folding (yellow must be on inside, white must be on outside)

14. Explain how your protein shape changed (or didn’t). How would this affect your protein’s ability to do its job?

15. Where do mutations come from? GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT

16. Where do mutations come from? GCT ATA GCG TAC ATG CTT TCA ACT CGA CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT CGA TAT CGC ATG TAC GAA AGT TGA GCT mRNA: CGC AUG UAC GAA AGU UGA GCU aaseq: --- start(M)Y E S stop --- GCT ATA GCG TAC ATC CTT TCA ACT CGA mRNA: CGC AUG UAG GAA AGU UGA GCU aaseq: --- start(M) STOP No Protein!

17. Closure • Finish filling in the table below

18. Closure • Finish filling in the table below

19. Another day…. • Mutations critical reading BW

20. Mutations Worksheet • Complete the mutations worksheet to see the effect of different kinds of mutations on the final protein • When you are finished, pick up the new critter assignment & begin your rough draft (due the day of the test)

21. Closure • Draw a comic strip showing the major steps of protein synthesis (transcription, translation, protein folding)

22. Extra Videos • http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/nvim_vid_milk/ •   video about mummy DNA, genes, mutations and lactose intolerance • http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/novat10_vid_fruitfly/   turning genes on and off