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Human Endocrine Physiology

Human Endocrine Physiology. May 8, 2014. Lungs. Actions of AII and Aldosterone. Angiotensin II Stimulates aldosterone secretion Causes vasoconstriction Stimulates thirst Aldosterone. Vasopressin. Stimulation of Vasopressin (ADH) Secretion. Stimulated by: ↓ Blood volume or pressure

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Human Endocrine Physiology

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  1. Human Endocrine Physiology May 8, 2014

  2. Lungs

  3. Actions ofAII and Aldosterone Angiotensin II Stimulates aldosterone secretion Causes vasoconstriction Stimulates thirst Aldosterone

  4. Vasopressin

  5. Stimulation ofVasopressin (ADH) Secretion Stimulated by: ↓ Blood volume or pressure ↓ Plasma osmolarity (low serum sodium concentration; detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus)

  6. Actions ofVasopressin/ADH ↑ permeability of the distal collecting duct to water (ADH) ↑Free water absorption ↑Blood volume ↓Serum sodium concentration Vasoconstriction (vasopressin)

  7. Combined Effects

  8. Endocrine Response to Hemorrhage

  9. ACE Inhibitors for Treatment of Hypertension How do they work? What could be potential side effects?

  10. Erythropoetin

  11. Erythropoetin Function: Stimulates erythrocyte production ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Secretion sites Kidney (major) Liver (minor) Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d

  12. Erythropoetin Function: Stimulates erythrocyte production ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Secretion sites Kidney (major) Liver (minor) Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d

  13. Hemorrhage and Erythropoetin

  14. Lipid Metabolism IGF-1

  15. Roles of Lipoproteins • Carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues • Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL in order of decreasing content of TG’s • Associated with apoprotein B • Carry cholesterol away from tissues • HDL • Associated with apoprotein A

  16. Functions of Apoproteins • Activate enzymes such lipoprotein lipase (LPL) that process the lipids • Bind to cell receptors to stimulate intake of lipoproteins

  17. Lipases • Pancreatic lipase • Secretion stimulated by CCK • Active in the small intestine in a basic environment provided by bicarb secreted under the influence of secretin • Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) • On the walls of capillaries • Stimulated by insulin • Hormone sensitive lipase • Within adipocytes • Stimulated by epinephrine

  18. Functions of Insulin • Promotes glucose uptakes by cells • Promotes utilization of glucose for energy • Suppresses generation of ketones • Amino acid uptake by cells and protein synthesis • Glycerol and fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue and triglyceride synthesis • Suppresses ketone formation, lipolysis, etc

  19. * *Hormone sensitive lipase: Stimulated by epinephrine and inhibited by insulin.

  20. LDL Receptors

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