Hazardous Waste

1. Hazardous Waste An overview of RCRA and UNI standards Small quantity generator University of Northern Iowa EH&S Training Program

2. Training Requirements: • Initial Training • Anyone who has not been previously authorized to work with hazardous waste at the University of Northern Iowa. • Annual Refresher Training • Required every 12 months for authorized generators of hazardous waste.

3. Topics to be covered: • Laws • Identifying hazardous waste • Use and management of containers • Packaging and labeling • Storage • Satellite Accumulation Area Requirements • Waste Reduction Methods

4. Hazardous waste is regulated by: • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Authority responsible for regulating all aspects of hazardous waste • Department of Transportation (DOT) • Regulation of hazardous waste transportation • Department of Homeland Security (DHS) • Regulation of chemicals that represent a security threat.

5. Hazardous Waste Law: RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act • National law for governing the disposal of solid and hazardous waste. • Under RCRA the Environmental Protection Agency is given primary responsibility in promulgating detailed regulations in governing the generation, transport, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste. • Affects companies and institutions involved in the generation of hazardous waste.

6. Hazardous Waste Law: RCRA • Cradle to grave status • Hazardous waste is regulated from the moment it is created through the time of final disposal. Generator is forever responsible for their waste.

7. Hazardous Waste Law: RCRA • Legal actions will be taken against the individual or group who did not follow EPA regulations and guidelines. • Citations and fines will be awarded if the EPA finds any misuse.

8. Hazardous Waste Law: RCRA • Small Quantity Generator Status • Hazardous waste is generated at a rate of 100-1,000 kg/calendar month or less than 1 kg/calendar month of acutely hazardous waste on a regular or intermittent basis. • Quantity of waste accumulated on-site may never exceed 6000 kilograms (13,200 lbs.) • Up to 6,000 kilograms may be stored on-site for 180 days or 270 days if located 200 miles or more from TSDF (Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility.) • If waste accumulates in quantities exceeding 6,000 kilograms or stored for more than 270 days, the generator is classified as an operator of a storage facility subject to TSDF hazardous waste permit requirements unless granted an extension by the EPA.

9. What is hazardous waste: • These can be in a form of a solid, liquid, contained gas or sludges. • Properties of these products contain harmful components that are too dangerous to be sent to the landfill, dumped into the sewer system or released into the atmosphere. • Improper release of hazardous waste may seriously threaten the environment and human health.

10. Campus Generators of Hazardous Waste • Preservation of Specimens • Educational and Research Labs • Equipment Repair • Building Cleaning and Maintenance • Motor Transportation • Users of Pesticides and Herbicides • Office/Printing Maintenance and Use • Food Service

11. Identified Characteristics of Hazardous Materials: Products with the words DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION on the product label

12. Identification of Hazardous WasteCommon Symbols Oxidizer Explosive Poison or toxic Flammable Environmental Hazard Corrosive

13. Identification of Hazardous Waste Common Terms: • Causes severe burns on contact • Combustible • Explosive • Flashpoints less than 140°F • Oxidizer • Poison • Pyrophoric

14. Identification of Hazardous WasteHazard characteristics • Ignitability (EPA #D001) • flammable under certain conditions • Corrosivity (EPA #D002) • corrodes metals • high/low pH • Reactivity (EPA #D003) • explodes or has violent reactions • Toxicity (EPA #D004-D043) • harmful or fatal

15. Identification of Hazardous Waste Ignitable Waste: • Flashpoint less than 60 ° C or 140° F • Solid capable of igniting by friction, moisture absorption or spontaneous chemical changes and burns so it creates a hazard. • Ignitable compressed gas • Oxidizer Examples of ignitable waste: • aluminum powder, petroleum based solvents, kerosene, gasoline, paints, degreasers

16. Identification of Hazardous WasteCorrosive Waste: • Waste that can corrode steel or destroy other substances. • pH of waste is more than 4 and less than 10. Examples of corrosive waste: • Caustic or acidic cleaning solutions, laboratory chemicals, rust removers, drain cleaners, battery acids, and water treatment chemical

17. Identification of Hazardous WasteReactive Hazardous Waste: • Capable of detonating if heated. • Capable of detonating at standard temperature and pressure. • Reacts violently with water. • Forms explosive mixtures with air or water. • Is a cyanide or sulfide bearing compound that have the potential to form toxic gases, vapors or fumes between a pH of 2 and 12.5. • Generates toxic gases, vapors, or fumes when mixed with water. Reactive Waste includes: • Bleach, dry picric acid, peroxidizable compounds, and alkaline metals such as sodium or potassium

18. Identification of Hazardous Waste Toxic Hazardous Waste: • Waste that exhibits the characteristic of toxicity if using the Toxic Characteristic Leachate Procedure (EPA test method 1311). • Is listed as a toxic substance in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) . • Manufacturer’s bottle has the word ‘toxic’ written on it or has the toxic symbol (skull and crossbones). Examples: • Pesticides and cleaners • Any one of the D listed wastes (D003-D043)

19. Identification of Hazardous Waste Listed Hazardous Wastes F Listed Wastes • Wastes from non-specific sources • Solvents from cleaning and degreasing operations • Wastewater Treatment K Listed Wastes • Created from specific sources • Chemical or pesticide manufacturing

20. Identification of Hazardous Waste Listed Hazardous Wastes P Listed Wastes • Acutely hazardous discarded commercial chemical products • Arsenic Trioxide (gopher bait) and warfarin (rat poison) U Listed Wastes • Less hazardous discarded commercial chemical products • Lists can be found on the EPA website at http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/index.htm#hazwaste

21. Mercury thermometers, thermostats and barometers Photographic chemicals and film Lighter fluid Used oil Ceramic glazes with heavy metals Rags and paper towels used for cleanup of oils and paints Fertilizers Herbicides and pesticides Turpentine Gas cylinders Nanomaterials Antifreeze Other types of hazardous waste found at UNI:

22. If unsure whether the waste created is hazardous: • Consult your supervisor. • Consult with EPA Waste lists. • Refer to the products Material Safety Data Sheet. • Emergency overview • Toxicological Data • Firefighting measures • Regulatory Information • Contact the UNI Environmental Health and Safety Office

23. Management of Hazardous Waste • Use compatible containers for waste • Flammable liquids – original manufacturers or UL listed containers • Concentrated acids or bases-Original containers, or 2.5 Liter ‘acid’ safety bottles • Solid waste – Plastic high density polyethylene bottles • Aqueous waste-glass bottles or HDPE plastic bottles • Milk jugs, soda bottles and food containers unacceptable.

24. Management of Hazardous Waste • Management of Containers • In good condition and not leaking. • Container caps must be closed. • Incompatible wastes must not be placed in same container or stored in close proximity. • All containers must be handled to prevent failure. • Only fill containers as prescribed in the Hazardous Waste Management Manual. • Funnels are not appropriate lids and should not be left in a container while not in use.

25. Management of Hazardous Waste • Mixing Hazardous Waste • Mix by compatibility-label with Mixed Hazardous Waste Container label. • Solvents should be separated where possible as halogenated (chloroform and methylene chloride) and nonhalogenated waste (propanol, methanol, and toluene). • Halogenated and nonhalogenated organic compounds should be separated where possible. • Inorganic wastes containing barium, lead and cadmium may be mixed together.

26. Nonhazardous Wastes • Not considered hazardous by the EPA • Restricted from disposal by Cedar Falls Department of Public Works • Compounds containing zinc, nickel or copper

27. Container Labeling • Containers that are improperly labeled or do not have a label will not be collected. • The following labels are appropriate waste labels at the University of Northern Iowa:

28. Container Labeling Hazardous Waste Container Name of ProductManufacturer’s Name___________________ University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614 EPA #984568584 Generator Information (Print) Name:_Generator name (if known)______________________ Department:_Department where waste generated____________ Campus Address:_4 digit departmental mailing code____________ Phone:__319-273-_Generator phone number_______ Box no.Container #of_Total # of same type of waste Department accumulation start date:Date accumulation begins HW storage facility start date:_Office use only

29. Container Labeling Mixed Hazardous Waste Container University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614 EPA #984568584 Name_Name of generator (if known)__________________ Campus address 4 digit departmental mailing code Dept_Department where waste is generated______________________________ Phone Generator phone # Box Container # of Total # of similar waste List #_Office use only Accumulation Start Date_Date begin accumulating waste in container HW facility start date_ Office use_only ________________________________________________________________________________________ Chemical Name % of volume Proper Manufacturer’ name_ _% of waste___ Waste Hazards:_Additional___ No abbreviations or chemical_ _total________ _waste hazards______ allowed__________________ _____________ Comments_______________ ________________________ _____________ __________________ ________________________ _____________ Waste Type: Inorganic, Nonhalogenated, ________________________ _____________ Halogenated, Corrosive , Flammable, Reactive, Toxic ________________________ _____________ Other, (Circle one)

30. Container Labeling Non-Hazardous Waste Container Name of ProductManufacturer’s Name______________________ University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614 EPA #984568584 Generator Information (Print) Name:_ Generator name (if known)____ Department:_ Department where waste generated____________ Campus Address:_ 4 digit departmental mailing code___________ Phone:__319-273- Generator phone number Box no. Container #of_ Total # of same type of waste Department accumulation start date: Date accumulation begins HW storage facility start date:_ Office use only

31. Separate by hazards flammable toxic corrosive reactive Separate by distance and containment. This segregation applies to good and unwanted hazardous materials Segregation of Materials

32. Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area: • Defined as a storage area near the point of generation and under the control of the operator of the process generating the waste. • Up to 55 gallons may be accumulated at one generation point. • When more is accumulated or when a request is made to have waste transferred to SB-1 (permanent campus waste storage facility), it must be moved within 3 days. • Storage containers must be appropriately labeled with ‘Hazardous Waste Labels.’ • The Rules and Responsibilities must be posted for each Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area.

33. Hazardous Waste SatelliteAccumulation Area: Rules and Responsibilities • Generator Responsibility • Generator makes hazardous waste determinations. • Provides MSDS sheets for every type of waste generated. • Provides shipping containers. • Accumulation containers • Waste is accumulated in proper containers. • Container is properly closed. • Accumulation containers are allowed adequate head space.

34. Hazardous Waste SatelliteAccumulation Area: Rules and Responsibilities • Container labeling • Containers labeled with approved labels. • Hazardous materials/constituents of containers are identified. • Write date when accumulation begins. • If possible transfer full containers to the permanent waste storage facility. • Ensure waste from discontinued projects, experiments, cleanouts and storage areas transferred to the permanent waste storage facility.

35. Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area: Rules and Responsibilities • Satellite Accumulation Area Requirements • Readily available spill kits • Area should be at or near area of generation. • Liquid waste should be in secondary containment. • Generator control • If more than one generator shares the same satellite area, each generator is responsible for their waste.

36. Preparation for Transport • Compressed cylinders transported with valve caps on. Lecture bottles packed in shipping box with peanuts. • Pack bottles 2.5 liters or larger in original shipping container or in flip top shipping container. • Containers of 1 liter or less will be packed in flip top shipping containers. • Pump and hydraulic oil should be placed in original container or in 5 gallon safety can. • MSDS sheets must accompany waste. • Email workorder to PHPworkorders@uni.edu to have waste picked up.

37. Reduction of Hazardous WasteLegal Treatment Methods • Consolidation of heavy metals in accumulation containers. • Neutralization of acids and bases. Does not include toxic acids such as hydrofluoric, perfluoric or chromic acids. • Where it is written into the experimental procedure.

38. Reduction of Hazardous WasteWaste Minimization Methods: • Maintain a proper inventory of chemicals. • Order on an “as needed” basis. • Never order in bulk unless it will be used in less than 1 years time. • Substitute hazardous chemicals with non-hazardous ones. • Whenever possible do not mix non-hazardous wastes with hazardous wastes. • Use non-mercury containing equipment.

39. Reduction of Hazardous WasteRecycling and Reuse • Fluorescent bulbs • LCD projection labs • Rechargeable batteries • Certain types of photographic film • PCB Light ballasts • Oil and Paint Rags

40. Special disposal • Sharps, needles, and syringes • Building services provides containers for collection of all sharps and collects them when they are full. • Laboratory glassware • Glassware (including chemical containers) should be placed in a puncture resistant box prior to disposal in the dumpster.

41. Environmental Health and Safety • Dean Shoars- UNI Safety Officer 27(3)-3189 • Wendel Reece-UNI Safety Manager 27(3)-7269 • Jason Kayser-Fire andSafety Specialist 27(3)-2004 • Gordon Krueger-Environmental Safety Specialist / RSO 27(3)-3445

42. Questions?