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Amino Acids

Amino Acids, Primary Protein Structure, Translation Group 6 Ashenafi Haile, Megan Stuart, Jacklyn Devi Spiegelberg. Amino Acids. Ashenafi Haile.

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Amino Acids

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  1. Amino Acids, Primary Protein Structure, TranslationGroup 6Ashenafi Haile,Megan Stuart,Jacklyn Devi Spiegelberg

  2. Amino Acids Ashenafi Haile

  3. The first thing you might be asking is, "What is an amino acid? ... Amino acids are used in every cell of your body and are used to build the proteins you need to survive.

  4. Amino Acids are the chemical units or "building blocks" of the body that make up proteins. Protein substances make up the muscles, tendons, organs, glands, …

  5. Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side-chain that varies between different amino acids. The key elements are N, C, O, and H.

  6. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Making up over three-fourths of the human body, amino acids are essential for the functions of the body.

  7. CATABOLISM

  8. Amino acids play central roles both as building blocks of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. The 20 amino acids that are found within proteins.

  9. The human body can produce 10 of its 20 amino acids, but the other 10, which are called essential amino acids, can only be obtained by eating the right foods.

  10. Primary Protein StructureMegan Stuart

  11. Define • Component breakdown • Amino acids • Peptides and polypeptides • Peptide bonds • Sequences in action

  12. Protein structure levels

  13. Amino acids

  14. Form between the carboxylate group and the ammonium group Peptide Bonds

  15. 2 chains linked together by disulfide bonds

  16. Sequences in action

  17. Chemistry 4930: Chapter Three. University of North Texas, 22 January 2003. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://www.chem.unt.edu/faculty/chem4930/Ch3.htm> Durmmond, Alan D. and Wilke, Claus O. “Mistranslation-induced protein misfolding as a dominant constraint on coding-sequence evolution.”Cell. 2008 July 25; 134(2): 341–352.. PubMed Central. Web. 28 November 2011. <ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696314/?tool=pubmed> Foye, W.O., Lemke, T.L. and Williams, D.A. “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry” Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 2002. Print. Gerritsen, Vivienne. “Protein of the 21st Century.”9 April 2001. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/009/> Kimball, John. Kimball’s Biology Pages. 21 December 2010. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://biology-pages.info> Messer, William S. MBC 3320 Posterior pituitary hormones. 2 April 2000. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://163.178.103.176/CasosBerne/8hEndocrino/Caso44-2/HTMLC/CasosB2/v2/vasopressin.htm> Peptide Bond Formation. Stanford University. 12 January 2000. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://cmgm.stanford.edu/biochem201/Slides/Protein%20Structure/Peptide%20Bond%20Formation.jpg> Seager, Spencer. Slabaugh, Michael. Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry. Seventh edition. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2011. Print. Timberlake, Karen C. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life. Third edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. 2010. Print. What is Sickle Cell Anemia? National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. 1 February 2011. Web. 26 November 2011. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/>

  18. Translation Jacklyn Devi Spiegelberg

  19. Step 2 in gene expression i.e. the flow of genetic information • The process that interprets the information carried by mRNA into an amino acid sequence of a protein. • 3 main steps in process of translation: Initiation, Elongation, Termination Translation

  20. A. methionine , The 1st amino acid that starts the process of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells is a derivative of N-formylmethionine as the N-terminal amino acid Step 1: Initiation of the Polypeptide Chain

  21. B. Initiation process begins when mRNA is aligned on the surface of a small ribosomal subunit in such a way hat the initiating codon, AUG, occupies a specific site on the ribosome call the P site (peptidyl site) C. tRNA w/ attached fMet binds to the codon thorough H-bonds, binding the large ribosomal subunit , forming a unit referred to as the initiation complex

  22. The P site is occupied by the tRNA w/ the growing peptide chain, and Val tRNA is located at the A site. • The formation of a peptide bond btwn Val and the depeptide fMet-Phe takes place under the influence of peptidyl transferase. • During translocation when the ribosome shifts to the right, the empty tRNA leaves, the polypeptide- tRNA moves to the P site, and the next tRNA carrying Ser arrives at the A site. Step 2: Elongation of the Chain

  23. 1.Synthesis continues until the ribosome complex reaches a stop condon: UAA, UAG, UGA 2. A specific protein call a termination factor binds to the stop codon and catalyzes the hydrolysis of completed peptide chain from the final tRNA 3. empty ribosomes disassociate Step 3: Termination of the completed polypeptide chain

  24. Several identical polypeptide chains can be synthesized simultaneously from a single mRNA molecule Increases efficiency of utilization of the mRNA Polyribosome/polysome: a complex of mRNA and severe ribosomes

  25. http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch17/translation-termination.htmlhttp://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch17/translation-termination.html • http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/proteinsynth.htm • http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/translation_elongation.html • http://www.mun.ca/biology/desmid/brian/BIOL2060/BIOL2060-22/2209.jpg • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/elongani.html • Seager, Spencer. Slabaugh, Michael. Chemistry for Today General, Organic, and Biochemistry 7th edition. Brooks/Cole Belmont, CA. 2011.

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