High-energy heavy-ion collisions viewed with v 2 , singles and HBT measurements.

1. High-energy heavy-ion collisions viewed with v2, singles and HBT measurements. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba v2 – initial geometry and partonic flow and jets singles(ratio and spectra) – chemical/thermal f.o. HBT – space-time information ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

2. S. Bass Elastic scattering and kinetic freeze-out TC=170 MeV eC=0.5 GeV/fm3 Hadronic interactionand chemical freeze-out QGP and Hydro. expansion initial state ? ? Time pre-equilibrium Hadronization Decreasing energy density 高エネルギー重イオン衝突 における衝突領域の時間発展 v2 particle ratio particle spectra HBT ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

3. Au+Au collisions in sqrt(sNN)=200GeV with Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL PHENIX mid-rapidity hadron/electron/ photon spectrometer Forward-rapidity muon spectrometer ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

4. BBC/ZDC : centrality Dch/PC1,2,3 : tracking Tof : hadron PID Rich : electron PID Emcal : electron/photon PID ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

5. dNch/dh -6 -3 0 3 6 h Reaction plane detectors in PHENIX CNT Beam-beam counter (BBC) |h|=3~4 64pmts in each BBC charged particles Muon arm + Silicon multiplicity (MVD) endcap MVD BBC ZDC/ SMD collision point South North beam line Zero Degree Calorimeter Shower-Max Detector Spectator neutron energy Beam position two central arms (CNT) |h|<0.35 Dch,PCs,TOF,EMCAL tracking, momentum, PID ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

6. parton hadrons Target Projectile parton Reaction plane Reaction plane b:impact parameter initial geometry final momentum anisotropy A+A p+p Experimentally, the R.P. is defined by the event anisotropy by itself. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

7. collision vertex BBC MVD ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

8. LED flasher SMD1 (South) SMD2 (North) 16ch. PMT “M16” Y (cm) Shower Maximum Detector (SMD) beam spot distribution X (cm) X (cm) WLS fibers FSMD1 FSMD2 (Y-CY)/sY Scintillator strips horizontal-strips vertical-strips (X-CX)/sX (X-CX)/sX SMD ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

9. FBBC1-p vs FBBC2 FSMD1-p vs FSMD2 FSMD-p vs FBBC back-to-back back-to-back spectator neutrons vs ps from participants are flowing opposite. F2BBC1vs F2BBC2 F2MVD1vs F2MVD2 F2BBCvs F2MVD ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

10. neutron spectator charged particles (pions) at mid h beam beam line reaction plane -p 0 p fparticle-FR.P. (rad) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

11. indication of v2 saturation at RHIC energy PHOBOS : nucl-ex/0406021 PHENIX Preliminary ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

12. Thermal model with blast-wave hydro is really good to be truth!! What will happen with resonances? Resonance effects are important in single spectra, but not too much in v2, because of pT shift of heavy particles having smaller v2 and linear pT dependence of v2. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

13. pT shift is the dominant effect compared to the smearing given by the opening angle. Phys.Lett. B597 (2004) 328-332, X. Dong et.al. Phys.Rev. C70 (2004) 024901, V. Greco et.al Pion deviation is explained by resonance decays ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

14. Data prefer “quark coalescence / recombination” based picture rather than “hydro + jet” picture at intermediate pT. quark coalescence QGP hydro + jet recombination + fragmentation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

15. minimum bias Au+Au at sNN = 200 GeV Almost NO mass ordering PHENIX preliminary Similar effect from the time-difference is seen in v2 quark + hadron flow SPS PHENIX preliminary 初期離脱 some remaining mass ordering Tfo ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

16. hydro + jet recombination + fragmentation Jets dominate the high pT part of spectra. And they (jets) are suppressed. PHENIX STAR ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

17. 0.906 <  < 1.042 charmed e+,e- pT distribution dN/dy = A (Ncoll) PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary Charm quarks are not suppressed w.r.t. binary scaling compared to the light quarks, but it could be enhanced and suppressed (looked like binary scaled). The v2 of charm would give a hint for the answer to the question. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

18. inclusive e+e- v2 charmed e+e- v2 STAR SQM04 If charm quarks also flow, charm quarks are thermalized and / or suppressed similarly to the light quarks. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

19. Inclusive Single g 1 + (g pQCD direct x Ncoll) / gphenix backgrd Vogelsang NLO Run2 AuAu 200 GeV 1 + (g pQCD direct x Ncoll) / (gphenix pp backgrd x Ncoll) PHENIX Preliminary Direct photons are enhanced w.r.t. p0 production, but it’s just because p0 is suppressed, and the direct photons are in fact binary scaled. [w/ the real, suppressed background] PHENIX Preliminary AuAu 200 GeV Central 0-10% pT (GeV/c) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

20. vertical bar : stat. error curves, gray box : sys. error Note : Inclusive photon = including all of the decay effect from hadrons , 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au phenix preliminary phenix preliminary phenix preliminary The difference here and the g/p0 ratio will give us a measure of direct g v2. pT [GeV/c] Direct photons should not have any flow by definition, but … Alternatively g/p0 ratio can be measured by assuming v2g=0. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

21. hadron-hadron correlation (full pT reference) 1.1 1.0 0.9 Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary 1<pT(associate)<1.5GeV Another way to get the v2 : (v2)2 is given by the pair correlation harmonic function fixed to the measured v2 harmonic + near-side + Far-side Gauss function fit harmonic + near-side Gauss function fit pure harmonic function fit 1.1 1.0 0.9 2.5<pT(associate)<3GeV Ways to reduce the jet correlation with additional Gauss terms 0. p 0. p 0. p f1-f2 (rad) A{1+2 (v2)2 cos(2Df)} + Gauss term ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

22. PHENIX Preliminary Reac. plane v2 does have less non-flow because of the h gap. Non-flow are removed in 2 part. corr. 2nd cumulant … ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

23. phenix preliminary }nucl-ex/0305013 Au+Au 200 GeV Au+Au 200 GeV v2 reduction of charged particles in the previous page could be enlarged by the baryon/meson ratio. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

24. The difference here is given by the real flow (v2). STAR 2 particle correlation (v2 + non-flow) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

25. charged particle v2 STAR : nucl-ex/0409033 non-flow reduced v2{2} v2{RP} v2{RP} v2{2} v2{4} STAR Preliminary Jet suppression ends somewhere … ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

26. recombination + fragmentation old STAR data semi-old STAR data no jet-quenching ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

27. in-plane pair STAR preliminary in between out-of-plane pair 20-60% trigger particle in the selected angular window r.p. track1 - track2| 20-60% Q: Are jets source of v2? Q: Does reaction zone make flowing jets? leading parton hadrons Proof of the jet quenching and the source of v2 at high pT ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

28. three curves are fixed by measured v2 and resolution coalescence of jet-fragmentation could be one of the source of v2 flow subtracted pTtrigger > 3GeV/c 1 < pTassociated < 2 GeV/c in-plane pair in between pair out-of-plane pair real/mixed PHENIX preliminary PHENIX preliminary 0 p 0 p Df (rad) Df (rad) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

29. Associated particles pT distributions 4 < pTtrig < 6 GeV/c re-distributed lost energy ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

30. 粒子比 RHIC 非弾性散乱の終了 化学的フリーズアウト Tch : 化学的フリーズアウト温度 mB : バリオン化学ポテンシャル mｓ: ストレンジネス化学ポテンシャル gｓ: ストレンジネス平衡 SPS ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

31. 弾性散乱の終了 熱力学的フリーズアウト ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

32. TC Tch <b> 200 400 600 dNch/dh history of temperature initial temperature from the energy density phase transition at critical temperature chemical freeze-out temperature thermal freeze-out temperature ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

33. parton flow ? early freeze-out ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

34. クォーク数(バリオン／メソン）によるスケーリング則クォーク数(バリオン／メソン）によるスケーリング則 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

35. ２粒子相関と横方向膨張 検出器 Dx Dp １粒子分布 ２粒子相関 熱的フリーズアウト温度 流体モデル 横方向流体速度 横方向運動量 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

36. PHENIX, 200GeV Au+Au ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

37. coulomb correction ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

38. NA49 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

39. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

40. Mean free path at freeze-out: √s=200 GeV 90 90 d+Au Vf (fm3) 80 80 N (fm2) 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 p+p 20 20 10 10 preliminary 0 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

41. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

42. (0) RQMD v2.4 original (1) pT vector randomized (2) pT vector aligned with rT vector (3) stronger |pT| vs time correlation (4) apply (2) and (3) simultaneously ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

43. The ellipse is still vertical (negative w.r.t. R.P.), but |e| is smaller than at AGS (closer to circle) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

44. einitial efinal ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

45. PHENIX Preliminary E895 E895 new source imaging technique (coulomb included) indication of the large (exponential/non-gaussian) source core-core / halo-halo / core-halo cross term ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

46. PHENIX Preliminary PHENIX Preliminary ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

47. blast-wave model (fit) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

48. Buda-Lund model (fit) Spectra Source size (HBT) nucl-th/0311102 and nucl-th/0310040 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

49. v2 and HBT from AMPT? σ ~ 10 mb σ < 6 mb (~ 3 mb?) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

50. initial geometry and partonic (and hadronic) flow v2 and its relation to jet quenching (partonic and) hadronic flow + chemical/thermal freeze-out singles (ratio and spectra) hadronic flow and space-momentum correlation HBT - space-time information ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba