History of Photography

1. Shamova Anastasia 10 “A” History of Photography Shamova Anastasia 10 “A”

2. Plan 1) Introduction. 2) Camera Obscura. 3) TheFirst Photograph/Joseph Niepce. 4) Louis Daguerre. 5) The Birth of Modern Photography. 6) The first color photograph. 7) The emergence of film. 8) Digital Photography. 9) Conclusion.

3. Introduction It would seem, the photo was always so it's habitual for us. Nevertheless, to this phenomenon hardly more than one and a half centuries. From this presentation you will learn how it all began, and the further history of photography.

4. The first casual reference to the optic laws that made pinhole cameras possible, was observed and noted by Aristotle around 330 BC, who questioned why the sun could make a circular image when it shined through a square hole. Camera Obscura Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages who lived around the first millennium, invented the first pinhole camera, (also called the Camera Obscura} and was able to explain why the images were upside down.

5. Camera obscura. Scheme.

6. In 1686 Johannes Zahn has designed a portable camera obscura fitted with a mirror located at an angle of 45 ° and projecting the image on a matte, horizontal plate that has allowed artists to transfer landscapes on a paper.

7. TheFirst Photograph On a summer day in 1827, Joseph NicephoreNiepce made the first photographic image with a camera obscura.

8. Niepce placed an engraving onto a metal plate coated in bitumen, and then exposed it to light. The shadowy areas of the engraving blocked light, but the whiter areas permitted light to react with the chemicals on the plate. When Niepce placed the metal plate in a solvent, gradually an image, until then invisible, appeared. However, Niepce's photograph required eight hours of light exposure to create and after appearing would soon fade away. Joseph NicephoreNiepce Niepce's First Camera.

9. Louis Daguerre Exposure times for the earliest daguerreotypes ranged from 3-15 minutes, making the process nearly impractical for portraiture. Fellow Frenchman, Louis Daguerre was experimenting to find a way to capture an image, but it would take him another dozen years before Daguerre was able to reduce exposure time to less than 30 minutes and keep the image from disappearing afterwards.

10. "Boulevard du Temple", taken by Daguerre in 1838 in Paris, was the first photograph of a person. The image shows a street, but because of the over ten minute exposure time the moving traffic does not appear. The exceptions are the man and shoe-shine boy at the bottom left, and two people sitting at a table nearby who stood still long enough to have their images captured.

11. The Birth of Modern Photography In 1829, Louis Daguerre formed a partnership with Joseph NicephoreNiepce to improve the process Niepce had developed. In 1839 after several years of experimentation and Niepce's death, Daguerre developed a more convenient and effective method of photography, naming it after himself - the daguerreotype. Niepce and Daguerre

12. In 1839, Daguerre and Niepce's son sold the rights for the daguerreotype to the French government and published a booklet describing the process. The daguerreotype gained popularity quickly; by 1850, there were over seventy daguerreotype studios in New York City alone. Photographic studio. 1843

13. The firstcolorphotograph. In 1861 Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell tests the three-colour theory of light and demonstrates at the Royal Institute in London the experiment involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same colour filters. When these images are combined a reasonably fully-coloured image is produced. This is the "colour separation" method and is also the first reproducible colour photograph. James Clerk-Maxwell

14. This is the firstcolorphotograph.

15. The emergence of film The photography business did experience a setback, though, due to the fact that daguerreotypes were highly fragile, and very difficult to copy. This was fixed in 1884, however, by George Eastman from Rochester, New York. Eastman aided photography business greatly by his creation of dry gel on paper. It has given photographers a much easy way of doing their job. George Eastman George Eastman with Kodak #2 Camera in 1890 George Eastman

16. Instead of lugging around a bunch of metal plates and toxic chemicals, they only have to carry a couple of rolls a film, and they can get so many more pictures out of it as well. It is also simple and cost-effective compared to developing prints out of the metal plates. This innovatio lead to the Kodak camera, which Eastmann released in 1888. This certainly appealed to a great deal of people, and after the release of the Kodak Brownie in 1909, everyone, not just “professionals” were taking pictures. Kodak Beau Brownie

17. Digital Photography One of the newest advancements in the field was the birth of digital photography. In 1963 when a student at Stanford University invented a videodisk camera that could take a photograph and store the image on a disk for several minutes this would be the precursor to digital photography. With this new form of taking photographs digitally and storing the image to a disk, photography would become less time consuming and a whole new chapter would open to future photographers.

18. In the mid 70s Kodak began to work on filmless technologies. In the mid 80s with the release of the compact disc digital technology was vastly increasing. By 1990 the first digital camera hit shelves for commercial sales. These would be the first steps into a new digital world, and pave the way for many things to come. Kodak’s First Digital Still Camera From 1975

19. Conclusion Now, we have had more recent innovations that make digital photography popular, but let’s no forget how we got to this point, and all the hard work many scientists put in to give us one of the most popular pastimes in the world.

21. Thank you for attention!