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IP over Wireless ATM

IP over Wireless ATM. 1998. 2. 13. 김 용 진 한국전자통신연구원. Outline. Background Mobile IP IP over ATM Location Management in WATM IP over Wireless ATM. Background. Motivation Increase of IP service demands # of hosts on the Internet has doubled per year

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IP over Wireless ATM

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  1. HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP over Wireless ATM 1998. 2. 13. 김 용 진 한국전자통신연구원

  2. Outline HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Background • Mobile IP • IP over ATM • Location Management in WATM • IP over Wireless ATM

  3. Background HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Motivation • Increase of IP service demands • # of hosts on the Internet has doubled per year • # of web servers has doubled every 20 weeks • From best efforts service to QoS guaranteed real-time multimedia services (-> ATM) • Information infrastructure based on ATM technology • Needs for development of new services • Needs for supporting legacy communication services (-> IP) • Communication evolution into wired/wireless integrated environment • Rapid increase of mobile phone service users • Needs for mobile multimedia services (-> Mobile ATM)

  4. IP Mobility Support over ATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • MIP over ATM = MIP + IPOA • Mobility support in IP layer • Connectionless oriented mobility support • IP over WATM = IPOA + WATM • Mobility support in ATM layer • Connection oriented mobility support

  5. Mobile IP HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Internet RFCs • RFC 2002 : IP Mobility Support • RFC 2003 : IP Encapsulation within IP • RFC 2004 : Minimal Encapsulation within IP • RFC 2005 : Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support • RFC 2006 : The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility

  6. Mobility Problems and Solutions HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Mobility problems • A name is a location-independent id • An address reflects a host’s point of attachment to the network • In IP, DNS(Domain Name System) is used for name-to-address translation • In MIP, the binding is a function of time -> IP layer needs mobility control • Network layer solution architecture • Two-tier addressing • Two internet addresses with each mobile host (Home address, Care-of address) • - Home address for protocol processing • - Care-of address for routing

  7. MIP Components HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Home address MN HA Home network Internet R . . 2 . . 3 FA 128. 8. 128 R CN Foreign network Care-of address MN

  8. Mobility Control HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 MN FA HA Advertisement Registration Request Datagram Encapsulation Registration Reply Tunneled datagram Decapsulation Datagram

  9. Location directory LD Address translation agent Home network Foreign network f S Cache Source g MH Routing Optimization HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주

  10. IP vs. ATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP • Connectionless • Currently No QoS • Destination based routing • Future, scalability Problem • Moderate overhead • Mobile IP • Variable packet size • Multicast/broad cast ATM • Connection Oriented • QoS Support • Fast Switching • Scalable • High overhead for IP over ATM • Wireless ATM • Fixed packet size • Yes but requires VC mesh or MCS

  11. LAN Emulation (ATM Forum) IP over ATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IPOA Paradigm Layered Model Integrated Model Classical IP over ATM IP & Tag Switching (IETF) I-PNNI (ATM Forum) (IETF) Multi-protocol over ATM (ATM Forum) Next Hop Resolution Protocol (IETF)

  12. Characteristics of Layered Model HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • IP overlays ATM with layer 3 (layered routing) • ARP (IP, ATM) is required • IP routing protocol in IP routers • ATM routing protocols are used • Modifications in ATM control SW are not required • Inefficient multicasting • Standardized Specs.

  13. Characteristics of Integrated Model HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Integrated routing protocol • ARP (IP, ATM) is not required • ATM routing protocols are not used • Modifications in ATM control SW are required • Efficient multicasting • Standardized Specs. are in progress

  14. Comparison : Route Selection HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 IP IP ATM OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF Classic PNNI PNNI PNNI OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF OSPF NHRP PNNI OSPF MPLS I-PNNI I-PNNI

  15. Comparison :Internode Communication Protocols HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Type of communication MPLS NHRP I-PNNI Address resolution NHRP OSPF /PNNI OSPF I-PNNI Routing PNNI TDP, IFMP,... I-PNNI Signaling

  16. IP over WATM (I) HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • IPaddr(= AP) --> (ATMvisiting_addr = AP) i) IPaddr -- ARP ->ATMhome_addr -- MC(t) -> ATMvisiting_addr ii) IPaddr ----- ARP*(t) -------> ATMvisiting_addr

  17. IP over WATM (II) HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • IP Over WATM = IPOA + WATM • cf) MIP over ATM NHRP (X) MPLS (X) I-PNNI Mobility Control MC(t) NHRP MPLS I-PNNI Home agent Foreign agent

  18. Location Management in WATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • LM enables the network to communicate with MN by managing the information about the location of the MN • LM = Mobile tracking + Mobile locating • Mobile Tracking • Network elements updating procedure about the location of mobile entities • Mobile tracking = Mobile registration + updating • Mobile Locating • The procedure by which a network node determines the location of the MT for the delivery of incoming calls • May be executed explicitly prior to call setup or may be an integral part of the call setup procedure

  19. Two Approaches for the LM in WATM HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Mobile PNNI scheme • LR scheme

  20. Mobile PNNI Scheme HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Extension of the PNNI routing protocol to support MN • Use of the PNNI routing protocol for reachability information • Scope parameter for the restriction of RI update • No explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup • Connection setup combined with mobile locating • Requires additional routing optimization process

  21. PNNI Routing Protocol Overview HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Hierarchical peer groups with Peer Group Leaders(PGLs) and Logical Group Nodes(LGNs) • Exchange of information for topology, load and reachability by using Protocol Topology State Packet (PTSP) • Reachability summarized and advertised by PGLs

  22. PNNI Extension HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Enhancement of the PNNI routing protocol for the exchange of reachability information of mobile users • Three new parameters are defined • Scope S is used to set the stop point for reachability information propagation • Ancestors-are-sibling level aijof nodes i and j is the level at which the ancestors of the two nodes i and j belong to the same peer group • The neighborhood Gi of a node i is defined to include all nodes j such that aij >= S

  23. Mobile registers at switch n Send registration to home swtich New location outside the neighborhood of the old location ? ano < S Send registration to home switch ; Send registration to old switch to set a pointer at the old switch to forward calls to new location (if home = old, only one registration is needed) Send registration to old switch to set a pointer at to the old switch to forward calls to new location Mobile Tracking HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Registration resulting from a move from mode o to new node n Power on/off registration Yes No

  24. Connection Setup/Mobile Locating HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Calling party is within the called mobile’s neighborhood acv>= S Calls arrives at the origination switch Calling party is outside the called mobile’s neighborhood acv< S Called mobile is in its home neighborhood ? ahv>=S Call arrival was after reachability update is complete No Yes No Call arrival was after home switch receives registration following a move or the home is the old location Yes No Yes Call arrival was after reachability update is complete Call is routed directly to the mobile Yes No Call is routed to the old location and then to the current location of the mobile Call is routed to the home switch, then to the old location and finally to the current location of the mobile Call is routed to the home switch and then to the current location of the mobile

  25. LR Scheme HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • Application of cellular LR scheme to PNNI-based hierarchical ATM networks • Hierarchical LR DBs • Scope parameter for the restriction of LR provisioning level • Isolate effect for mobility from PNNI routing protocol • Explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup

  26. A.L B.L l =S=2 A.1.L A.2.L B.1.L B.2.L B.3.L l =L B.1.5 B.1.4 B.3.6 A.1.4 B.3.5 A.2.1 B.2.2 A.1.3 B.2.3 B.3.4 B.1.3 B.3.3 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.2.2 B.1.1 B.1.2 B.2.1 B.3.1 B.3.2 BS BS B.2.2.5 ATM switch A.1.2.5 A.2.2.5 Location Register A.1.1.4 A.1.2.3 LR Architecture HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주

  27. Mobile Tracking in the LR Scheme HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Registration resulting from a move from node o to new node n Mobile registers at switch Power on/off registration at switch n Yes No aon>=S Updates are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR ; Home LR is informed about the current Sth level LR. Updated are propagated from Lth level LR to aonth level LR at the new neighborhood ; Cancellations are propagated from Lth level LR to aon + lth level LR at the old neighborhood. Updates are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR at the new neighborhood ; Home LR is informed about the new Sth level LR ; Cancellations are propagated from Lth level LR to Sth level LR at the old neighborhood.

  28. Mobile Locating in the LR Scheme HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 l = I l = S LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ LOCREQ l = L LOCREQ Home switch of the called mobile(h) Calling party’s switch(c) Called mobile’s current switch(v) LOCREQ Response

  29. Comparison HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 Mobile PNNI Item LR Required Address space partition Not required Resource allocation for call setup Not optimized Optimized Performance Superior in low CMR Superior in high CMR Modification of ATM signaling and routing Required Not required Application to public network Not applicable Applicable

  30. Performance & Cost Issues HSN ‘98 ‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주 • LM cost = Mobile tracking cost + Mobile location cost • Mobile tracking (locating) cost = Computational cost (DB access) + Communication cost (signaling & routing) • For performance analysis, exact models of network and mobile node are required

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