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Quick Review of Elements, Ions, and Compounds

Learn the rules for naming and writing chemical elements, identifying ions, and forming compounds. Understand the symbols, charges, and naming conventions for ionic and covalent compounds. Practice writing formulae of ionic compounds to achieve neutral charges.

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Quick Review of Elements, Ions, and Compounds

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  1. QUICK REVIEW OF ELEMENTS, IONS, and COMPOUNDS

  2. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Au

  3. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Au Ag

  4. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Copper Au Ag Cu

  5. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 1.) Each element has a name and a symbol NAME SYMBOL Gold Silver Copper Sulphur Au Ag Cu S

  6. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case, the second (if present) is always in lower case Al

  7. The Chemical Elements Rules for Naming and Writing: 2.) The first letter in the symbol is always in upper case, the second (if present) is always in lower case P

  8. COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds Covalent compounds metal nonmetal nonmetal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion

  9. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  10. UNIVALENT METALS (cations) If a metal has only one charge

  11. UNIVALENT METALS (cations) Use only the name of a metal

  12. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations) If a metal has more than one charge…

  13. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations) …the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral, in parentheses, immediately following the name The stock namingsystem (Fe2+) = iron (II) (“iron two”) (Fe3+) = iron (III) (“iron three”)

  14. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)

  15. Alternative Naming of Multivalent Metals The classical namingsystem For example: (Fe2+) = iron (II) ion (“iron two ion”) (Fe3+) = iron (III) ion (“iron three ion”)

  16. Alternative Naming of Multivalent Metals The classical namingsystem For example: (Fe2+) = iron (II) ion = ferrous ion (Fe3+) = iron (III) ion = ferric ion

  17. MULTIVALENT METALS (cations)

  18. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  19. NON – METAL IONS (anions) • Omit the original ending of the element’s name and add an “ide” ending • “ide” ending means that the ion has a negativecharge For example: Cl Cl- chlorine chloride

  20. NON – METAL IONS (anions)

  21. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  22. Polyatomic Ions • A polyatomic ioncontains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

  23. Polyatomic Ions You have to memorize the names, formulae, and charges of these polyatomic ions + other ones (see the worksheet):

  24. Naming of IONIC COMPOUNDS metal nonmetal metal polyatomic ion Putting it all together! UNIVALENT MULTIVALENT Al3+ Fe3+ Fe2+

  25. Naming and Writing Formulae of Ionic Compounds What is an Ionic Compound? • A compound made up of ionsof a metal AND a non-metal or a polyatomic ion • A compound in which a metal and a non-metal/polyatomic iondonate and accept electrons • The net (overall) charge of the ionic compound is 0 • i.e. the compound is NEUTRAL

  26. NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDS If you have a: metal: potassium (K) AND non-metal: chlorine(Cl) Put it together in this way RECALL: To get a non – metal ion name, change ending – INE to - IDE metal non-metal ion potassium chloride

  27. NAMING of IONIC COMPOUNDS TRY ON YOUR OWN: magnesium (Mg) and fluorine(F) iodine (I) and calcium (Ca) magnesium fluoride iodinecalcide calcium iodide

  28. Rules For Writing Formulae Of Ionic Compounds • Write the formulas + charges for the metal ion (cation) and the nonmetal ion (anion)(or a polyatomic ion) potassium oxide K+ and O2-

  29. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 What is the overall charge right now? potassium oxide K+ and O2- +1 -2 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  30. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and O2- +1 -2 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  31. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- -2 +1 +1 -1 = We need it to be 0!

  32. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- -2 +1 +1 0 = We need it to be 0!

  33. 2. Balance the charges, so the overall charge of the compound = 0 ADD ONE MORE POTASSIUM potassium oxide K+ and K+ and O2- K2O -2 +1 +1 0 = Now, it is ZERO!

  34. Fe2+ PO43- Example 2: iron (II) phosphate iron (III) phosphate PO43- Fe3+ Fe3(PO4)2 FePO4

  35. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • This is a reverse process of what we just did • You will translate a formula of a compound into a name of a compound! • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge

  36. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge Example 1: Zn Cl2 zinc chloride

  37. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds • Simply write a name of the ions one after the another! - Remember that the first ion has a positive charge (metal) and the second ion has a negative charge Example 2: Ca SO4 calcium sulphate

  38. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds 2. If the first ion (metal) is a multivalent one, use the second ion’s charge to determine the first ion’s name

  39. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) How will you find out?

  40. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) Look at the charge on the second ion!

  41. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) You know: 1. The compound is neutral (overall 0 charge), so the charge of the first ion (lead) equals the charge on the second ion (oxide)

  42. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) -2 So, the charge of the two oxides is twice as much: One oxide’s (O2-) charge is: -4 O2 We have two oxides:

  43. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) The charge on the positive ion then MUST be +4 to balance the negative charge of -4

  44. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) The correct ion is then:

  45. Rules For NamingIonic Compounds Example 2: Pb O2 Which lead is it? OR lead (IV) lead (II) And the name for this compound is: lead (IV) oxide

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