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Enhancing Engine Oil Quality with Low Volatility ZDDP: A Case for Phosphorus Volatility Testing in GF-5

This study compares low vs. high volatility ZDDP in engine oils, highlighting the importance of reducing phosphorus volatility to protect exhaust systems. Results show that low volatility ZDDP improves oil quality, emission system protection, and engine oil life.

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Enhancing Engine Oil Quality with Low Volatility ZDDP: A Case for Phosphorus Volatility Testing in GF-5

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  1. Performance Characteristics Of Low Volatility Vs. High Volatility ZDDP; An Alternative Argument for the Addition of a Phosphorous Volatility Test to GF-5 Dennis W. Florkowski Chris Engel

  2. Low Volatility ZDDP • Phosphorous from engine oil reaches the exhaust system via leakage, oil consumption and volatility. • Lubricant development efforts are of particular importance in reducing phosphorous poisoning via the volatility pathway. • Specifically as ZDDP decomposes in an engine some volatile phosphorus species are known to exit the engine via the PCV system and eventually poison the exhaust catalyst. • Low Volatility ZDDP is formulated in such a way that the amount of volatile phosphorus species are significantly reduced. • OEM’s and their suppliers are interested in low volatility ZDDP’s to protect increasingly sophisticated exhaust systems. • Equally as significant, the use of low volatility ZDDP is expected to not only protect emission systems, but also to maintain excellent antiwear and antioxidant performance and provide a measurable increase in engine oil life.

  3. Vegas Field Trial (5W-30) Three Oils Were Tested: • Baseline with 0.1% Phos • Prototype 0.075% Phos Conventional ZDDP • Prototype 0.075% Phos Low Volatility ZDDP

  4. 2.7L Field Trial Drain Data Low Impact ZDP ∆ Low Volatility ZDP Fe Conventional ZDP * Conventional ZDP Fe

  5. 2.7L Field Trial Drain Data 2.7L Field Trial Data ∆ Low Volatility ZDP Fe * Conventional ZDP Fe Conventional ZDP

  6. 2.7L Field Trial Data

  7. 2.7L Field Trial Data

  8. 2.7L Field Trial Drain Data

  9. 2.7L Field Trial Drain Data

  10. Vegas Field Trial (5W-30)Drain Analysis @60,000miles Baseline Conventional Low Volatility In many catagories, the Low Volatility Phos material even outperforms the baseline oil (0.100 phos).

  11. Conclusions • Based on 60,000 miles of drain oil analysis, four cars on each formulation, Low Volatility ZDDP out performs Conventional ZDDP in all categories measured. • Based on lubricant performance alone, a reduction in phosphorous volatility will significantly improve engine oil quality for GF-5. Can we develop a test to measure phosphorous volatility in an engine?

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