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ORIGINS OF THE STATE SKITS!. 1 v. 5 ~ Evolutionary Theory 2 v. 6 ~ Force Theory 3 v. 7 ~ Divine Right Theory 4 v. 8 ~ Social Contract Theory. Bell Ringer. Do you think humans are inherently good or evil? In other words, are people born “good” or “bad”?
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ORIGINS OF THE STATE SKITS! • 1 v. 5 ~ Evolutionary Theory • 2 v. 6 ~ Force Theory • 3 v. 7 ~ Divine Right Theory • 4 v. 8 ~ Social Contract Theory
Bell Ringer • Do you think humans are inherently good or evil? In other words, are people born “good” or “bad”? • What do you think has influenced your beliefs surrounding this, and why?
Philosophers Group Work • You will work in teams of FOUR to gather and report information about key philosophers whose ideas helped form the basis for our democracy! • Read about philosopher: Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau or Montesquieu • Fill in boxes on worksheet • Share information with group • Apply concepts
Who are you Thomas Hobbes? • 1588-1679 (England) • School with noblemen and intellectuals • Lived in England during civil war • 1640s: Parliament turned on King Charles I (executed) • Devoted monarchist
Hobbes The Absolute Ruler • State of Nature • Equality, survival, life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” • Law of nature • None! • Right of Nature • Life, preservation of self, equality • Social contract • Individuals create supreme power to impose peace • Lay down natural rights to a sovereign • People cannot revolt once power is given • Why the U.S. Cares? • Equality!
Who are you John Locke? • 1632-1704 (England) • Friends with nobles and scholars in government • Worked in government • Alive during the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution • William and Mary invited to retake the throne after James II flees
Who are you John Locke? • State of Nature • Brutal, violent, everyone against everyone (agrees with Hobbes) • Law of nature • Free and equal • Unalienable rights • Right of Nature • Unalienable rights: life, liberty and property • Limited rulers power • Social contract • Needed for peace • Agreement amongst people AND sovereign • Ruler protects natural rights • People can revolt and establish new government • Why the U.S. Cares? • Life, liberty, and property • Right to revolt
Who are you Baron de Montesquieu? • 1689-1755 (France) • Noble and prosperous family • Highly educated • Visited England where observed and liked political system
Who are you Baron de Montesquieu? • State of Nature • Fearful and people avoided violence and war • Need for food causes people to live in a society • Once in society, war begins • Law of nature • Society created for needs • Right of Nature • Never says anything… • Social contract • No social contract • State of war led to human laws and government • Why U.S. Cares? • Three branches of government
Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau? • 1712-1778 (Switzerland) • Orphaned • Attempted musician • Traveled all around and met figures of intellectual movement
Who are you Jean-Jacques Rousseau? • State of Nature • Free, equal, peaceful and happy • Ownership of property creates inequalities and war • Law of nature • No pain to others and morality is law • Right of Nature • Rights can never be given up • Social contract • Not willing agreement, fraud against people committed by rich • Rights given up, not to a king but to ALL people • People = sovereign (loves him some direct democracy) • No separation of powers • Why U.S. Cares? • People RULE (popular sovereignty)
Founding Father Twinners Hobbes Rousseau Locke Montesquieu Life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” Equality Lay down rights to a sovereign People are fearful and avoid violence Society created for needs Loves 3 branches Free, equal, peaceful People = sovereign No separation of powers needed Rights to the people Natural rights are unalienable Life, liberty and property Agreement amongst people AND sovereign Madison Hamilton Jefferson Mason
Name that Philosopher! • This guy thought direct democracy was the best form of government. • This guy believed that property was a natural right. • This guy promoted separation of powers. • This guy thought people needed an absolute ruler to create order • This guy was the most handsome of all philosophers. TRICK QUESTION!!!