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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures. What we’ll cover…. Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds

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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds

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  1. Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

  2. What we’ll cover… • Compound Formulas • Ions • Monatomic • Polyatomic • Ionic Compounds • Molecular Compounds • Other types of extended Structures

  3. Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH3OH (NH4)2SO4

  4. Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic

  5. Types of Formulas

  6. IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

  7. IONS Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals. Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

  8. Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

  9. Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion

  10. Naming IONS Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl- = chloride ion O2- = oxide ion Cations Name of element + “ion” Na+ = sodium ion Mg2+ = magnesium ion

  11. Polyatomic Ions you need to know

  12. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________

  13. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make ________

  14. Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaCl Mg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2 NH4+ and SO42- make _________

  15. Naming Ionic Compounds Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH4Br =

  16. Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex: C + O S + O C + H

  17. Aside on gas prices… Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating Longer molecules(asphalt/tar) Crude oil

  18. Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

  19. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

  20. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

  21. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

  22. Network Solids • Held together like a molecule • Large and extended

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