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Secondary Education Section Committee TEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE FOUNDATION SUBJECTS Geographical Association Conference 2002. STARTERS AND PLENARIES. In pairs – discuss a successful starter activity you have either taught or observed. DEFINITION … starters should:
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Secondary Education Section CommitteeTEACHING AND LEARNING IN THE FOUNDATION SUBJECTSGeographical Association Conference 2002
STARTERS AND PLENARIES In pairs – discuss a successful starter activity you have either taught or observed. DEFINITION … starters should: • be discrete activities which relate to the objectives of the lesson • encourage all students to think at a high level • actively involve everyone - an alternative to the whole-class question-and-answer routine • influence early levels of engagement and motivation • help to inject a sense of pace and challenge
Key Stage 3 Strategy The strands of the Key Stage 3 Strategy :
TLF Principles • Focus the teaching • Provide challenge • Make concepts explicit • Structure the learning • Make learning active • Make learning engaging and motivating • Develop well-paced lessons with high levels of interaction • Support pupils’ independent learning • Build in reflection
Teaching and Learning in the Foundation Subjects Training Modules
Secondary Education Section Committee Let’s talk about… Starters and Plenaries
STARTERS AND PLENARIES Successful starters can help create: • engagement • pace • challenge
Ready Steady Teach
STARTERS AND PLENARIES 5Ws • Who? • What? • When? • Where? • Why?
STARTERS AND PLENARIES Card sequencing
STARTERS AND PLENARIESHazards of Starters Pitfalls commonly cited are that they: • take too long • take over the whole lesson … often a problem if extended writing is called for • lose pace or direction • become a fixed routine and lack variety • may be engaging but lack challenge (see Bloom’s Levels of Thinking)
Blooms Levels of Thinking Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application Comprehension Knowledge
STARTERS AND PLENARIESPlenaries: • draw together the whole group • take stock of learning so far • direct students to the next phase of learning • occur at strategic moments in the teaching sequence • often occur at the end of lessons • can occur at other points in the lesson • highlight not only what students learn, but also how they learn
The purposes of plenariesare to: • help students to understand and remember what has been learned • refer back to the learning objectives • create a sense of gain, completion and satisfaction • take stock of where the class is in the task or sequence • take learning further and deeper, if possible • recognise achievements of the class and individuals • allow the teacher an opportunity to assess learning and plan accordingly • stimulate anticipation for the next phase of learning • reflect on how learning has occurred – transfer to other contexts
What we have learned On your own… • Write down the three most important things you have learned this session on separate cards Snowball into fours… • Diamond rank your 12 cards so as to identify the most important aspects of your group’s learning Golden rules In pairs… • Write down five ‘golden rules’ for generating ‘Starter’ activities which could be used as guidance for other teachers in your department or school Mind mapping • Write down the title ‘TLF’ in the centre of your sheet of paper • Draw one ‘branch’ from the title and label it ‘Starters’ • Now continue to add labelled branches until you have included all you have learned in this workshop Questions in need of answers On your own… • Write down three questions (on the cards provided) you would now like to ask as a result of attending this session Snowball into fours… • Classify the 12 questions you have collectively generated
The purpose of diamond ranking is to provoke discussion or reflection about the relative importance of a range of factors. It encourages a focus on the single most important factor, then the next two, the next three and so on. most important least important
STARTERS AND PLENARIESApproaches to plenaries • Ask students to draw out golden rules, most interesting points, tips for others, etc. • Put the questions you are going to ask in the plenary on the board at the start of the lesson. • Put a student in the ‘hot seat’ as an expert or character and invite the rest of the class to ask questions. • Individual students write down the three most important things they have learned in the lesson – snowball to four and diamond rank the twelve ideas. • Use jigsaw groups instead of whole-class feedback. • Mind map the lesson. • Ask studentss to identify three ways in which ideas from the lesson could be used in other subjects.