Globalization and Sustainability

1. Globalization and Sustainability Chapter 11

2. Globalization and Sustainability Lesson 1 Ecological Footprint Kogi Sustainability

3. Key Terms Ecological footprint Sustainability Stewardship Flag of convenience The ‘Kogi’

4. Globalization and Sustainability What is a resource? Name some renewable resources. Name some nonrenewable resources.

5. Sustainability The degree to which Earth is able to provide the resources necessary to meet peoples’ needs.

6. Natural Resources

7. Ecological Footprint Divides the bio productive area of Earth by the total population. This reveals that 1.89 hectares of productive area are available for each person. ÷ 7 Billion = 1.89 Hectares People

8. Canada’s Footprint If everyone consumed as much as Canadians, four more planets like Earth would be needed to meet their needs • 7.25 hectares per person

9. Bangladesh’s Footprint • 0.6 hectares for each person • One of the world’s least developed countries • Only 33% of people have access to electricity • Consumption of resources is far lower than that of Canada • Subsequently, Bangladesh produces much less waste.

10. Global Footprint

11. The Kogi “We Mamas see you are killing [the world] by what you do. We can no longer repair the world. You must (stop).” Pg.262.

12. Globalization and Sustainability Lesson 2 Population Growth

13. The Resource Gap The gap between the resources the earth can reasonably supply -1.89 hectares per person and what the people of the world now consume. -2.8 hectares per person

14. Population Growth • Over the next four or five decades, the world’s population is expected to grow by 2 to 5 billion. • Therefore, the total world population is expected to be approximately 8.5 to 11.5 Billion people The Problem…. • The earth’s resources are limited

15. World Population

16. Consumption of Resources The United Nations, are warning that consumption at the current rate will affect sustainability.

17. Environmental Stewardship There are individuals and groups are promoting the idea of environmental stewardship • This means, accepting responsibility to make sure earth resources remain sustainable

18. Globalization and Sustainability Lesson 3 Ship Breaking

19. Ship Breaking • In the 1970s, the shipbuilding industry was dominated by Europe and the United States • Shipyards make heavy demands on electricity and water supplies and generate large amounts of solid and toxic waste. • ships use bunker fuel, which is cheap and dirty. A single container ship creates as much pollution as 2000 diesel trucks.

20. Ship Breaking Many merchant ships operate under a flag of convenience, a practice that is often called flagging out. It occurs when a ship is registered in a country other than that of its owner.

21. Ship Breaking • Once ships are 25 to 30 years old, they become too expensive to maintain and are scrapped • When ships are broken apart, hazardous materials are released into the environment. Ballast water, for example, is simply discharged onto the beach • An average of one death occurs in shipbreaking yards every day

22. Sustainability of Ship Breaking • organizations such as Greenpeace, the International Maritime Organization, and the International Labour Organization are pressing for more comprehensive international rules and tighter enforcement to persuade the ship breaking industry to become more sustainable

24. Globalization and Sustainability An Inconvenient Truth

25. The Kyoto Accord • 1997 conference in Kyoto, Japan, 141 countries, including Canada, signed • Goals The Kyoto Protocol called on countries to reduce green house gas emissions to 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012. Canada set a target of 6% • In Canada, plans focused on reducing fossil-fuel use 2004, Canada’s emissions were 27% higher than 1990 levels • Canada officially abandoned Kyoto in 2012. New Liberal Gov’t. is committed “Protecting the environment while growing our economy?”