Your Course Tutor is Tony Balaam Sustainability Consultant

1. Welcome ENERGY Performance CERTIFICATE (EPCs) & RECOMMENDATION report LEVEL 4 Your Course Tutor is Tony Balaam Sustainability Consultant

2. Please provide the following: • Your name, affiliation/ job you undertake. • History that may be of relevance to the course? • Any previous experience with Energy Performance Certificates and Recommendation reports. • Any previous experience in energy assessments or audits. Introduction Attendees:

3. If you have a question – please ask • Flexibility – in addition to the core materials we will respond to your interests and queries. • Participating in the use of the Department of Community and Local Government (DCLG) software is essential (Workshop). • Workshop will assist you in the production of your certificates and recommendation reports that you will require to qualify Introduction Proceedings of the Course:

4. Introduction STROMA Accreditation Ltd. Founded in November 2007. Providing Training and Accreditation. Code for Sustainable Homes. Air Permeability. EPC Domestic, Commercial & Public Buildings. New Build & Existing. Sister company to Stroma Technology Ltd, a testing and consultancy company withinthe building industry, founded in 2002. Now we are called ‘STROMA CERTIFICATION’

5. Level 4 Energy Assessor Training 1.0 - Producing EPCs for New Buildings

6. Question – are you ready? Also, what do you expect from this course or what have you perceived with the information you have got from STROMA?

7. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 9 10 11 12 15 13 14 16 17 2 1 3 7 4 8 6 5

8. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Level ‘4’ Energy Assessors • 1.0 Definitions and Limitations of a Level ‘4’ Assessor • 2.0 Legislation and requirements of EPCs for Level ‘4’ Buildings • 3.0 Producing EPCs for New Buildings • Understanding Building Regulations ADL2A • Defining and Calculating BER and TER • Gathering of information for new build EPCs • Interpreting Construction Drawings and information gathering • Factors relevant to determining ‘Energy Performance’ of New Build • 4.0 Differences in data input for New Buildings (iSBEM) • 5.0 Calculating U-Values

9. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

10. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 1.0 Definitions and Limitations of a Level 4 Assessor • The criteria for the ‘Level 4 course’ is for sites or buildings above 100 kW for heating plant and 12 kW for Air Conditioning plant. • You should have achieved ‘ABBE Level 3’ through either the examination route or shown competency through the ‘APEL route’ or equivalent • The topics to be covered in your ‘Level 4 course’ are detailed in handout 1 • It also shows you the topics you should have covered on your ‘Level 3’ syllabus • ‘Level 4’ requires you to undertake 300 Guided learning hours of reading, as in Level 3, but expanding on the topics identified in syllabus 4.

11. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

12. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

13. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

14. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING ABBE Level 4 Diploma in Non Domestic Energy Assessment National Occupational Standard Units 1, 2, 5 & 6 ABBE Examination - 60 minutes - 40 questions Portfolio of Evidence - Including 3 EPC’s Industrial unit – Day 4 of Level 3 Simulation offices Your own finding

15. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

16. Currently the format of the ABBE exam is as follows: 2- questions on building construction (property age and type – recognition and importance) 8 - questions on building construction ( Building elements) 6 - questions on Building services (Natural, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning) 6 - questions on building services (other mechanical and electrical services) 8 - questions on energy efficiency (including low and zero carbon technologies) 10 - questions on Building Regulations ( requirements for new build) What questions will be in the exam ?

17. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

18. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING – 6th April 2008 – Now Passed – 1st July 2008 – Now Passed – 1st October 2008 2.0 Legislation and requirements of EPCs for Level 4 Buildings • Timeline remains unchanged; • EPCs required on construction, sale or rent of buildings; • Over 10,000m2 • Over 2,500m2 • All remaining buildings • EPCs for New Buildings contain exactly the same information as for existing buildings • EPCs for New Buildings must have been completed by an Accredited,‘Level 4 Energy Assessor’ • ‘Recommendation Report’ still required for New Buildings • EPC for New Build should always be slightly better or equal to the ‘If newly built’ rating on the EPC, which is the benchmark required to achieve Part ‘L’ Compliance

19. Level 4 CO2 Reduction Targets

20. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING

21. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 3.0 Producing EPCs for New Buildings • EPCs for new buildings are required on construction • Likely enforced by ‘Building Control body’ as a requirement for handover • Must be provided to the ‘building owner’, most likely through the main contractor • Part ADL2A Compliance Calculations are required at ‘As-Designed’ and ‘As-Built’ stages • EPC result should reflect the same result as the ‘As-Built’ compliance calculation

22. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Using the Approved document ‘ADL2A’ • The Approved Documents are intended to provide guidance for common building situations. • As they only provide guidance, there may be alternative ways of achieving compliance . • Therefore there is no obligation to adopt any particular solution within the Approved Document.

23. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Using the Approved document ‘ADL2A’ • Frequently the Approved Document will make reference to second tier documents and British standards like:- • ATTMA TS1 (Air permeability measurement). • Non Domestic Heating Cooling and Ventilation Compliance guide. • Low or Zero Carbon Energy Sources: Strategic Guide. • CIBSE TM31 (Building Log Books) .

24. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Reasonable provision shall be made for the conservation of fuel and power in buildings by: • Limiting heat gains and losses: • Through thermal elements and other parts of the building fabric; and • From pipes, ducts and vessels used for space heating, space cooling and hot water service • Providing and commissioning energy efficient fixed building services with effective controls: • Providing to the owner sufficient information about the building, the fixed building services and their maintenance requirements so that the building can be operated in such a manner as to use no more fuel and power than is reasonable in the circumstances.

25. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Understanding Building Regulations ‘ADL2A’ • Building design standards are set out in UK Building Regulations • Approved Document ADL2A governs the ‘Conservation of Fuel and Power in New Buildings other than Dwellings’ • Calculation of CO2 emissions form part of compliance • Compliance with ADL2A is set out by 5 criteria; Criterion 1: Achieving an acceptable Building CO2 Emission Rate (BER) Criterion 2: Limits on Design Flexibility Criterion 3: Limiting the effects of Solar Gain in Summer Criterion 4: Quality of Construction and Commissioning Criterion 5: Providing Information

26. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Criterion 1: Achieving an Acceptable ‘BER’ • BER is calculated using ‘SBEM’ or ‘DSM’ software • Same approach as producing EPCs – Different output • Building CO2 Emission Rate (BER) calculated • Target CO2 Emission Rate (TER) calculated • Achieve compliance with Criterion 1 if ‘BER’ is less than ‘TER’ Criterion 2: Limits on Design Flexibility • Limits on building fabric U-values (Set out in Table 4) • Walls 0.35 W/m2K, Roof 0.25 W/m2K, Glazing 2.2 W/m2K etc • Limits on Building Services design • Specific fan power, heating and cooling plant seasonal efficiencies, controls, energy meters, insulation, lighting etc

27. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Criterion 3: Limiting the effects of Solar Gain in Summer • For occupied spacesnot served by air conditioning systems provisions should be made to limit solar gains to reduce internal temperatures in summer • Reasonable provision to show for all occupied spaces without air conditioning that; • when subject to solar irradiances for July, combined solar and internal gains, averaged over the period 0630 to 1630, is no greater than 35 W/m2 • The operative temperature in the conditioned space does not exceed a threshold temperature for more than a reasonable number of hours per year. (Schools and offices - 28 deg.C at 1% of the occupied hours) • Limiting of solar gains can be achieved by appropriate combination of window sizing and orientation, solar protection through shading and other solar control measures and using thermal capacity coupled with night ventilation • Supporting data and guidance for calculation (a.) can be found in; [1] TM37 Design for Improved Solar Shading Control, CIBSE, 2006

28. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Limiting of solar gains

29. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Limiting the effects of solar gains in summer • Limiting solar gains for all occupied spaces is required under ADL2A, spaces excluded from this criterion are: • Unoccupied atria, used to drive natural ventilation. • Spaces adjacent to display glazing not served by air conditioning. • Stacks.

30. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Areas covered by the Approved document • The construction of new buildings other than dwellings • Fit out works ( May come under ADL2B) • Non dwelling extensions with a Total Useful Floor Area over 100m2 and greater than 25% of the existing buildings total useful floor area. • In the context of buildings containing both dwellings and communal areas the communal areas will come under ADL2A, as the dwellings will be assessed on an individual basis under ADL1A. • Modular buildings/ temporary buildings require assessing under ADL2A, if they are designed to be in use for more than two years.

31. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING The Few Exemptions from Part ‘L’ • Industrial buildings of low energy requirements for space heating such as foundries, forging and hot processes, furthermore low energy agricultural buildings are exempt from Part L • Places of Worship • Stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than <50 sq.m that are not dwellings. • Temporary Buildingsdesigned with a useful life ofless than 2 years • EPCs are not required on sale or rent for buildings due to be demolished.

32. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Design Limits for Envelope standards – Limiting U Value Standards

33. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Calculation of the ‘TER’ – Deriving the Notional Building • A figure must be calculated for the CO2 emissions for the notional building (Cnotional): • For the purposes of ‘ADL2A’ the ‘Notional Building’, must; • Be the same size and shape as the actual building: and • Comply with the energy performance values set out in the detailed definition of the notional building as set out in the SBEM in respect of both the building fabric and the fixed building services. • Have the same area of vehicle access doors and display windows as the actual building; and • Exclude any service that is not a fixed building service • Have the same activity areas and classes of building services as in the actual building, all selected from the pre defined list incorporated into SBEM. • Be subject to the occupancy times and environmental conditions defined by activity. • Be subject to the climate defined by the CIBSE Test Reference Year for the site that is most appropriate to the location of the actual building: and • Assume mains gas as the heating fuel where it is to be used in the actual building, but otherwise assume oil. • Assume grid mains electricity will be used as the energy source for all other building services. • Use the CO2 emission factors for each given fuel type. • Assume the most energy intensive fit-out specifications will be adopted throughout where a building is proposed for approval.

34. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Defining and Calculating ‘BER’ and ‘TER’ • Building Emission Rate (BER) is calculated as the annual CO2 emission rate, in kg.CO2/m2, for the building as constructed • Software generates a ‘Notional Building’ of same size, shape, orientation and activity type, with design limits applied for U-values and building services and calculates the emission rate for the notional building, Cnotional • Target Emission Rate (TER) is calculated from; TER = Cnotional x (1 – IF) x (1 – LZC Benchmark), where; • ‘IF’ is the Improvement Factor (0.15 for buildings with natural ventilation, 0.2 for buildings with mechanical ventilation or air conditioning); and • ‘LZC’ Benchmark is 0.1 for all new buildings

35. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING STROMA Certification 23% TER

36. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Air Permeability and pressure testing requirements • Requirements under ADL2A 2006: • All buildings that are not dwellings, (including extensions being treated as new build under part L) require pressure testing. • Only buildings with a floor area below 500m2 can be exempt from pressure testing if a result of 15 m3.h.m2@50Pa can be adopted when calculating the BER.

37. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Air Permeability and pressure testing requirements • Pressure testing was first mentioned in the ADL1A 2002: • Requirement for Buildings with a floor area over 1,000m2 to be pressure tested and achieve a result of <10m3.h.m2@50Pa.

38. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Gathering information for New Build EPCs • Information required is essentially the same as for existing buildings • Whereas assumptions are acceptable for EPCs on existing buildings where information cannot be gathered due to age of installations, no such assumptions should be made for new buildings • Information should be provided by members of the design team, notably; • Architect – Floor Plan, Section and Elevation Drawings and U-values • M&E Consultant (or M&E Contractor for Design & Build projects) – M&E installation drawings, plant technical data, lighting layouts etc • Main Contractor – Air leakage test result, may often pull information together • Where information is provided, ensure that it is ‘As-Built’ or ‘As-Installed’ issue. Design stage information is not acceptable for EPCs. • It is acceptable to complete EPC without visiting site for New Build, however you should do all you can to ensure the information provided is accurate

39. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Interpreting Drawings - General • Types of Drawings; • General Arrangement (GA) Floor Plans • Cross Sections • Elevations • Detailed Sections • Setting Out Drawings • Site Plan Layouts • Drawing Issue Sheets; • List of drawings issued, including drawing no, title and revision • Best way to ensure that you are working with the latest revision

40. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 6 8 1 2 3 5 7 4 Interpreting Drawings - General • Drawing Title Blocks • Name and contact details of company • Project and Developer name • Drawing title and number • Date of first issue • Revision letter • Revision description & date • Scale • Drawing Status • Tender • Construction • As Built/As Installed

41. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Interpreting Drawings - Architectural • Drawing Standard • BS 1192:2007 provides standards for architectural, engineering and construction information • Dimension Lines • When working from hard copy drawings, dimensions are the best way of ensuring accuracy of measurement • When reading dimensions check whether they are to internal or external surface • Fixed Floor Levels • May be in absolute figure above sea level • Refers to top of floor slab for each floor • Section Markers • Show line on plan through which section is taken, and direction of view

42. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Window opening window External Door c/w Glazing Typical Section through window Typical Elevation Double Door Revolving Door Section Markers Interpreting Drawings - Architectural • Glazing, Doors and Section Markers

43. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Occupancy sensing when linked to lighting circuit PhotoCell Examples of Manual Switching. Interpreting Drawings – Building Services • Electrical Services • Only internal lighting layouts generally applicable, small power, fire & security alarm, external lighting, distribution schematics not important • Request Legend of Symbols for lighting if not shown on layout • Ignore dedicated emergency escape lighting • Method of switching important • Manual, occupancy detection, photoelectric switching etc • Arrow from lighting circuit will denote where light is switched from • If building is heated using electric heating, this may be shown on either the Mechanical or Electrical Services layouts so be vigilant • Cross reference drawings with specification if unsure of anything • Useful Symbols

44. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Interpreting Drawings – Building Services • Mechanical Services • Refer to Heating, Cooling/Air Conditioning, Ventilation, Hot & Cold Water Services and Plant Room layout drawings • Request mechanical equipment schedule if not shown on layouts • Ignore above ground drainage layouts if provided • If multiple systems for DHW, attempt to assign demand appropriately to each space. • In General, office demand should be applied to toilet over a local tea making area • If building is heated using electric heating, this may be shown on either the Mechanical or Electrical Services layouts so be vigilant • Cross reference drawings with specification if unsure of anything

45. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Determining Energy Performance of New Buildings • Factors relevant to Energy Performance • Building fabric U-values • HVAC system, its efficiency and fuel source • Air Tightness • Area and orientation of glazing • Lighting efficiency and controls • Metering and warning of ‘out of range’ values • Factors not deemed to affect Energy Performance • External or Emergency Lighting • Small power and process energy use • Location and activity of building • Cold Water Services – grey water saving etc • Temporary services such as plug in electric heaters or cooling units • Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) or backup generators

46. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING – 0.194 kgCO2/kWh – 0.265 kgCO2/kWh – 0.422 kgCO2/kWh – 0.025 kgCO2/kWh – 0.025 kgCO2/kWh – 0.568 kgCO2/kWh Fuel Sources and their effects • Predominant fuel sources for heating systems are; • Natural Gas • Oil • Grid Supplies Electricity • CO2 Emission Factors for each fuel types in Table 2 of ADL2A • LZC Fuel Sources would be considered as; • Biomass • Biogas • Where electricity is generated on site by PV Panels, Wind generation, CHP etc, the energy produced, and the associated CO2 is offset • Grid Displaced Electricity

47. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Assumptions made in determining Energy Performance • For New Build very few assumptions should be made as design information will be available and should be provided to you on request • Actual Air Tightness test results must be applied • Selecting U-Values by inference or from the library should not be required or accepted, unless it can be proven that it is appropriate • Select nearest weather location, preferably on ‘latitude’.

48. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 4.0 Differences in data input for New Buildings (iSBEM) • There are no real differences in the data input for new buildings rather than existing buildings other than fewer assumptions should be made • Main additional consideration is UPRN from Landmark • New Buildings unlikely to have information available on Landmark • Request Post Code from Client • If Address information does not exist, it must be requested for successful lodgement to occur • Process generally takes 24-48 hours, over working days • Go to www.ndepcregister.com • Click on ‘Authorised Users’ • Click on ‘Click here to add a new base address to the database’ • Follow normal address line procedure, leaving Line 1 blank in most cases • Provided notes to state that new building is not present in database

49. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING Entering a new address into Landmark database

50. LEVEL 4 ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING 5.0 U-Value Calculations U-value calculation is at its simplest for a building element which consists solely of plane, parallel, uniform layers: the heat flow through such an element is directly from inside to outside in a straight line, and all that is needed to obtain the U-Value is a simple sum of the thermal resistances of each layer. Virtually all practical building components, however, have non-uniformities, whether they be joints between masonry units, timber joists with insulation between them, other types of structural member separated by infill panels, glazing within a frame, and so on. The consequence of non-uniformities, or the presence of any layers that are not plane and parallel, is that the heat no longer travels in straight lines. That affects the total heat transfer through the element and needs to be allowed for in the determination of the U-value.