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What are Cells?

What are Cells?. Cells are a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. Cell Theory. All living things are made of cells. Cells are the most basic units of living things. Cells come from cells. Every Cell Contains:.

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What are Cells?

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  1. What are Cells? Cells are a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings.

  2. Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells. • Cells are the most basic units of living things. • Cells come from cells.

  3. Every Cell Contains: • Membrane – thin layer of material that serves as a covering or lining. • Structure containing the cells genetic material.

  4. Basic Structure of a Eukaryotic Cell

  5. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

  6. Plant Cell

  7. Animal Cell

  8. Organelles “little organs” • Very small in size • Can only be observed under a microscope • Have specific functions • Found throughout cytoplasm

  9. Nucleus A large membrane structure that contains the cell’s genetic material. (DNA)/(Nucleic Acid) The Control Center

  10. Ribosomes • A protein • Located in the cytoplasm • Assembles Proteins.

  11. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The “Highway” of the Cell • Helps assemble and transports proteins throughout the cell.

  12. Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell. Rough ER has ribosomes & makes proteins to EXPORT out of the cell.

  13. Golgi Apparatus • The “Post Office” • Packages and modifies proteins from the ER • Sends proteins to their final destination.

  14. Lysosomes • “Trashman” filled with enzymes. • Breaks down and recycles old organelles, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins that can be reused by the cell.

  15. Vacuole • Saclike structure • Stores materials • Water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates • Plants have a large central vacuole

  16. Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the cell” • Organelles that convert chemical energy into usable energy.

  17. Chloroplast • Captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy • Photosynthesis

  18. Cytoskeleton • Network of protein filaments. • Supports the cell • Helps in cell movement • Made of filaments • Microfilaments • microtubules

  19. Prokaryote: Pro = Before Karyote = Nucleus Eukaryote: Eu = True Karyote = Nucleus

  20. May have Cilia/Flagella No Nucleus Nucleus Larger Complex Small Simple Have a Plasma Membrane • Kingsdoms: • All Others • Kingsdoms: • Archaebacteria • Bacteria Always Cell Wall May have Cell Wall Many Organelles No Organelles Contains DNA Chromosomal DNA Looped DNA/RNA Mostly Multicellular Unicellular

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