MONDAY, October 13 th , 2014

1. Bio.A.1.2.2: Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth Objective: What makes water so important and unique? Warmup: ***Brainstorm*** What properties do you remember about water? (ex. Freezing point, density, chemical formula, etc) Anything that you can remember….. MONDAY, October 13th, 2014

2. Bio.A.1.2.2: Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth Objective: What makes water so important and unique? Warmup: ***Brainstorm*** What properties do you remember about water? (ex. Freezing point, density, chemical formula, etc) Anything that you can remember….. Tuesday, October 14th, 2014 Period 1

3. The uniqueness of waterhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASLUY2U1M-8

4. 1. If you don’t live in it, you carry it with you: water makes up 60-95% of most organisms. 2. It plays many roles in the body: • Allows molecules & ions to move, collide and dissolve • Decreases concentration in blood for easier movement/better pH levels • Allows chemical reactions to occur • Maintains a constant body temperature (homeostasis) I. Why is water important to organisms?

5. 1. Water is polar (exhibits polarity) • Polar molecule – molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; each molecule has a negative (-) and positive (+) end. II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this?

6. 1. Water is polar (exhibits polarity) • Shape (^) of water indicates oxygen attracts more e- than hydrogen; oxygen acts (-) and hydrogen acts (+) • Water’s overall charge = 10 p+ 10 e- zero • Polar molecules are very attractive because (+) and (-) ends function like a magnet II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this?

7. 1. Water is polar (exhibits polarity) - Because water is like a magnet: • They (water molecules) attract: ions example: sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) polar moleculesexample: sugar (carbohydrate) water II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this?

8. 2. Water forms hydrogen bonds(bond between +/- ends of a polar molecule) • Characteristics: • Weakbond – formed/broken easily

9. Part 1: Draw a model of one water molecule. 1.) Show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the shells of the atoms involved. Cut out water molecules

10. Part 2: Cut out a model of one water molecule. 1.) Color the oxygen atoms of each water molecule red. 2.) Color hydrogen blue 3.) Indicate the relative charge of each side of the water molecule by placing a plus or a minus on the correct sides. Cut out water molecules

11. Bio.A.1.2.2: Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth Objective: What makes water so important and unique? Warmup: What does it mean when we say that water is POLAR? Draw a picture or explain it please. Tuesday, October 14th, 2014

12. On your cut-outs page: 1.) Color the oxygen atoms of each water molecule red. 2.) Color hydrogen atoms blue. 3.) Indicate the relative charge of each side of the water molecule by placing a plus or a minus on the correct sides. 4.) Cut out 5 molecules. 5.) Arrange them to show hydrogen bonds. Indicate the hydrogen bonds between each water molecule by drawing three black dots between them. Part 3:

13. 2. Water forms hydrogen bonds(bond between +/- ends of a polar molecule) • Characteristics: • Weakbond – formed/broken easily • Responsible for cohesion – intermolecular attraction between like molecules (example: H2O - H2O) • Produces surface tension so insects, leaves can float on water • Water molecules stick together to move against gravity (capillary action) II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this?

14. 2. Water forms hydrogen bonds(bond between +/- ends of a polar molecule) • Hold large molecules and H2O together. Adhesion – the intermolecular attraction of unlike molecules • Water forms droplets on leaves • Water molecules stick together to move against gravity (capillary action) II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this?

15. Like molecules Unlike molecules II. What about water’s structure allows it to do all this? Water is “sticky”!

16. Minilab – Cohesion, Adhesion, surface tension

17. 1. Has less density as a solid • Water forms crystal-like bonds when it freezes, keeping the molecules at fixed distances from each other • Low density– less tightly packed • Water expands when frozen and floats, allowing organisms to live underneath III. What other properties does water have?

18. 2. Is a universal solvent • Dissolves many compounds such as carbohydrates and some proteins • Allows chemical reactions to occur III. What other properties does water have?

19. 3. Has high heat of vaporization • Amount of heat energy needed to change 1 g of 100˚C boiling water to 100˚C steam (you sweat and water evaporates off your skin to cool you) III. What other properties does water have?

20. 4. Has high specific heat • Amount of energy required to change 1 gram of water by 1˚C (water resists change in temperature) • Substances with H-bonds take longer to coolor heat than those w/o • Allows organisms to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) • Allows water to resist temperature change III. What other properties does water have?

21. Water is known as the Universal Solvent: • Solutions have 2 parts: • Solute – what is being dissolved • Solvent – what is doing the dissolving More about solutions:

22. NaCl Solution and dissolving

23. pH Scale – Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution • Low More about solutions: