CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT- VOCABULARY PRESENTATION

1. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT- VOCABULARY PRESENTATION FOR ENG 205 COURSE WEEK 5&6

2. Burj Al Arab

3. What do you know about this hotel?

4. Burj al Arab  is a luxury hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the fourth tallest hotel in the world.

5. Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island off the Jumeirah beach, and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge.

6. Burj Al Arab is designed by British architect Tom Wright. The design and construction was managed by Canadian engineer Rick Gregory also.

7. About the hotel, the architect Tom Wright said: “The client wanted a building that would become an iconic or symbolic statement for Dubai; this is very similar to Sydney with its Opera House, London with Big Ben, or Paris with the Eiffel Tower. It needed to be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country.”

8. So, Burj Al Arab was built to resemble the sail of a dhow, a type of Arabian vessel.

9. VOCABULARY

10. sketch(n) : Word Formation : sketch (v) Definition: a simple, quickly-made drawing that does not show much detail Synonyms : drawing, outline Antonym: - Collocations : sketch of a building Ex:When Tom Wright first did the sketch of the hotel Burj Al Arab, it looked like a boat sailing in the sea. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

11. recognizable(adj) : Word Formation : recognize (v), recognizably (adv), recognized (adj) Definition: able to be recognized; able to be known; easily noticed Synonyms : apparent Antonym: unnoticed Collocations : - Ex:He is instantly recognizable as he is 1.9 meters tall. Ex:Eiffel Tower is an iconic building and it’s recognizable from almost everywhere in Paris. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

12. excavate(v) : Word Formation : excavation (n) Definition: to dig in the ground, especially with a machine Synonyms : dig up Antonym: fill Collocations : - Ex:Because of the roadwork, some of the roads were excavated and close to traffic in Ankara. Ex:These Roman coins were excavated from a site in Cambridge. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

13. cement(n) : Word Formation : - Definition: a grey powder made from limeand clay that becomes hard when it is mixed with water and allowed to dry, and that is used in building Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:Concrete should not be confused with cement. Concrete is a combination of a cement and aggregate (aggregate: aterials used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, or recycled crushed concrete) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

14. seal off(phr. v) : Word Formation : Definition: make tight; secure against leakage; to close tightly or surround with a barricade or cordon Synonyms : block off, close off Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:When building the artifical island of Burj Al Arab, engineers injected liquid cementinto the sand to seal off the steel walls from below and to keep the sea out. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

15. foundation(n) : Word Formation : - Definition: the part of a building, road, bridge, etc that is under the ground and supports it Synonyms : base, understructure Antonym: - Collocations : foundation of a building Ex:This building’s foundation is very strong. It’s made of reinforced concrete and steel. Ex: The foundation of a building should be strong so that it can endure strong earthquakes CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

16. drill(v) : Word Formation : drill (n) Definition:  to make a hole in a hard substance using a special tool Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : drill a hole, drill for something Ex:The engineers drilling the ground for oil. Ex:He drilled a hole and drived a nail to hang the painting on the wall. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

17. friction(n) : Word Formation : frictional, frictionless Definition: when a surface rubs against something, often making movement more difficult Synonyms : rubbing Antonym: - Collocations : friction between two things Ex:When you rub your hands together the friction produces heat. Ex: Putting oil on both surfaces reduces friction. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

18. atrium(n) : Word Formation : - Definition: a large high open space (usually with a glass roof) in a tall building Synonyms : entrance Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:The artium of Burj Al Arab is colorful and large. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

19. distortion(n) : Word Formation : distort (v), distorted (adj) Definition: an undesired change in the waveform of a signal; any unwanted change between an input signal and output signal. Harmonic distortion: Harmonic distortion adds overtones (an overtone is any frequency higher than the fundamental frequency of a sound) that are whole number multiples of a sound wave's frequencies Ex:Harmonic filter system is a device which detects the electronic distortion. Ex:In an audio system, distortion results in poor reproduction of recorded sound.  CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

20. weigh(v) : Word Formation : - Definition: to be of a specific weight Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:Burj Al Arab is a 321 meter structure and it weighs a quarter of a million tone. Ex:How much do you weigh? CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

21. low-lying(adj) : Word Formation : - Definition: describes land that is at or near the level of the sea Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:People living in low-lying areas were evacuated because of the floods. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

22. withstand(v) : Word Formation : withstanding (adj) Definition: to not be damaged or broken by something Synonyms : endure, resist Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:This bridge is designed to withstand strong weather conditions. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

23. ornate styling(n) : Word Formation :- Definition: an architectural style elaborately, heavily, and often excessively ornamented. Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:Luxurious hotels in Dubai have generally an ornate styling. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

24. vibrant(adj) : Word Formation : vibrate (v), vibration (n) Definition: 1. a vibrant color is very bright 2. full of excitement and energy Synonyms : alive, colorful Antonym: colorless, dull, pale Collocations : a vibrant decoration, vibrant colors, a vibrant city Ex:The interior decoration of her house is vibrant: it is colorful and full of energy. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

25. intensity(n) : Word Formation : intesify(v), intense(adj), intensely(adv) Definition:  the state or quality of being intense Synonyms : density Antonym: - Collocations : The intensity of a storm/rain/heat/pain Intense (adj): Extreme in degree, strength, or size Ex:The intensity of the rain was so terrifying that everyone ran away in different directions to find a shelter. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

26. calculation(n) : Word Formation : calculate (v), calculated (adj) Definition: when you use mathematics to discover a number or amount Synonyms : - Antonym: - Collocations : - Ex:She did some quick calculations to see if she could afford to buy the car. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

27. EXERCISE 1: (00:00-4:30) Listen and answer the questions.(p.23) • What is the height of Burj al Arab? • What is the meaning of “Burj al Arab”? • When did the construction begin? • Who is the client of this project? • It’s 321 meters long. • It means the “Arabian Tower”. • In 1994. • Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, Dubai’s crown prince.

28. What is the reason of building such a luxurious hotel in Dubai? • How was the coast of Dubai fifty years ago? • The project is a response to the economic time bomb that his country confronts. It is an alternative solution for the future economic meltdown which will be caused by the consumption of the oil totally. • Dubai’s sea was home to pearl divers andcoastal traders. Then, in the 1960’s, prospectors discovered oil.

29. What is the prediction of geologists about the oil consumption in Dubai? • What does the economic survival of Dubai depend on other than oil? • What is the unique reputation of Burj al Arab? • Who is the chief architect of the project? • What buildings did the chief architect and his colleagues in the project build before? • The geologists predict the oil boom will be over in 2016. • Its geography: Sun, sand and sea. • It is a seven star hotel. • Tom Wright • Schools and offices

30. EXERCISE 2: A) STAGE 1: DESIGN (4:30-12:16)Listen and take notes.(p.24) • The basic principles of creating a world icon in architecture • The risks of building an artificial island for the hotel: extreme weather. • III. The stage of the building by the early 1995 • IV: The function of concrete blocks used in the construction

31. EXERCISE 2: Answer Key • The basic principles of creating a world icon in architecture: An icon issimple and instantly recognizable. If you can draw a building simply with a few strokes of a pen, it would be instantly recognizable you would create something iconic. Sydney Opera House in Australia is an example. • The risks of building an artificial island for the hotel: extreme weather. The powerful storm known as a “Shamal” sweeps across the Gulf hitting the coast. The storm’s intensity shocks the architects. Another risk is the earthquakes.

32. EXERCISE 2: Answer Key • The stage of the building by the early 1995: Building a low-line or a high-line island is debated. The storm Shamal that hit the coast April 27 was a warning. • The function of concrete blocks used in the construction: Concrete blocks absorb the force of the waves. These blocks work like a sponge: as the wave hits, the water passes inside the space and turns around itself. The force of the wave is largely decreased.

33. B) STAGE 1: DESIGN  Decide whether the statements below are TRUE or FALSE. Correct the false statements. (p.25) • There aremore than ten iconic architectural designs in the world. • Tom Wright comes with the idea of a hotel in shape of a sailing yatch when he was watching a fisherman. • The hotel was build 270 meters off the coast. • Shekh Mohammed doesn’t like the idea of building a hotel in shape of a sailing yatch. • Some of the risks of building a hotel on an artificial island in Dubai are earthquakes and storms. • Architect Tom Wright wanted to make the height of the island high to give theimpression of a sail rising out of the water. • Shamal is a powerful earthquake that can destroy Burj al Arab. • At first, the engineers planned to build the island using rocks but Tom Wright rejected this. • The concrete blocks at the base of the hotel work like a sponge: as the wave hits, the waterpasses inside the space and turns around itself. • The height of the artificial island is seven and half meters above the sea.

34. B) STAGE 1: DESIGN Answer Key (p.25) • There are (NO) more than ten iconic architectural designs in the world. F • Tom Wright comes with the idea of a hotel in shape of a sailing yacht when he was watching a fisherman. (a modern sailing yacht) F • The hotel would was 270 meters off the coast.T • Shekh Mohammed doesn’t like (likes)the idea of building a hotel in shape of a sailingyatch. F • Some of the risks of building a hotel on an artificial island in Dubai are earthquakes andstorms. T • Architect Tom Wright wanted to make the height of the island high (low) to give theimpression of a sail rising out of the water. F • Shamal is a powerful earthquake(storm) that can destroy Burj al Arab.F • At first, the engineers planned to build the island using rocks but Tom Wright rejected this. T • The concrete blocks at the base of the hotel work like a sponge: as the wave hits, the waterpasses inside the space and turns around itself. T • The height of the artificial island is seven and half meters above the sea. T

35. EXERCISE 3: STAGE 2: CONSTRUCTION Listen and fill in the blanks with the correct words. In some blanks you will write more than one word.(p.25-26) In the centre of the island, the construction workers drive huge lengths of steel1.________into the ground. This creates a triangular steel wall, which will become the outside of the 2. __________________ once they excavate the sand from inside. But 3.__________________ the sand could be dangerous… twenty meters hotel basement removing

36. weight The 4. __________________of the sea is a huge force on its bed. This 5.__________________ forces water through the sand and threatens the artificial island from beneath. To keep the 6. __________________, McNicholas injects liquid cement into the sand to seal off the steel walls from below, but as the sand is removed to form the basement there is less and less weight to hold back the force of the sea. The cement steel is going to be 7. __________________to the limit… pressure sea out tested

37. If McNischolas’ calculations are wrong, the excavation could be swamped killing 8.__________________ . But he stands by his design. With the cement steel in place, the excavators begin to remove the sand. As the man responsible, he is not going to let the workers 9. __________________ alone…When put to the test, both wall and steel hold 10.__________________ . hundreds of workers face the risk firm

38. EXERCISE 4: STAGE 3: FOUNDATIONS A) Listen and answer the questions(p.26) • What problem do the engineers and the driller come across when the foundation of the hotel started to be build? • What is the plan of the architects for the problem about the foundation of the hotel? • What is “skin friction”? • The team searching for bed rock, drilled deep into the sea bed. But even a full a 180 meters down, there was no solid rock. • They want to support the Burj using steel reinforced concrete foundation piles drilled deep into the sand. • The resistance that stops two rough surfaces slipping past each other.

39. B)There are 10 errors in the script. Listen and find the errors and correct them.(18:00 – 20:50) (p.26) The geography of Dubai gives everyone reason to concern. It lies within a range of major fault line. So, this soaring mega-structure could be vulnerable to storms. In June 1964, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake hits Nigata, the southern Japan. Because the area is built on sand, the tremors flip over the entire apartment buildings. This is a normal earthquake collapse. This is a devastating phenomenon known as liquafaction. As grains of loose sand shake, they fill up any air pockets and compact taking up more space. The ground stops behaving like solid earth and acts like a liquid. On shifting rock any building could simply tumble.

40. When results of the drilling test return, it’s good news. Deep beneath the site, they found compacted and calcified sand: liquafaction is not a big threat… Crispe specifies the foundations are 20 meters wider than originally planned. These 250 concrete piles have a combined length of ten kilometers. 38 times as long as the towering hotel they will support…

41. The hotel itself has slender concrete walls, not capable of withstanding the elements alone. To hold them firm against the high winds and earthquakes, the architect devices a visually stunning solution: a gigantic concrete structure outside the main building known as exoskeleton. A serious of vast diagonal trusses: tied to the concrete core to the back of the building. Wright’s design will make the building unique, but his giant trusses will make life hell for Anthony McCarter, the engineer… They must be incredibly strong to tight the exoskeleton together. But statistics are as just as vital.

42. B)Answer Key (p.26) The geography of Dubai gives everyone reason to concern. It lies within a range of major fault line. So, this soaring mega-structure could be vulnerable to storms (earthquakes). In June 1964, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake hits Nigata, the southern (northern)Japan. Because the area is built on sand, the tremors flip over the entire apartment buildings. This is a (isn’t)normal earthquake collapse. This is a devastating phenomenon known asliquafaction. As grains of loose sand shake, they fill up any air pockets and compact taking up more (less)space. The ground stops behaving like solid earth and acts like a liquid. On shifting rock (sand)any building could simply tumble.

43. B)Answer Key (p.26) When results of the drilling test return, it’s good news. Deep beneath the site, they found compacted and calcified sand: liquafactionisnot a big (is a big) threat… Crispe specifies the foundations are 20 meters wider (longer)than originally planned. These 250 concrete piles have a combined length of ten kilometers. 38 (35)times as long as the towering hotel they will support…

44. B)Answer Key (p.26) The hotel itself has slender concrete walls, not capable of withstanding the elements alone. To hold them firm against the high winds and earthquakes, the architect devices a visually stunning solution: a gigantic concrete (steel)structure outside the main building known as exoskeleton. A serious of vast diagonal trusses: tied to the concrete core to the back of the building. Wright’s design will make the building unique, but his giant trusses will make life hell for Anthony McCarter, the engineer… They must be incredibly strong to tight the exoskeleton together. But statistics (aesthetics)are as just as vital.

45. EXERCISE 5: STAGE 4: INTERIOR DECORATION  A) Listen and answer the questions. (37:00- 40:30)(p.27) Who is going to design the interior of Burj al Arab? How many palatial suits does Burj al Arab have? • 1. Khuan Chew who has already • worked for the Sultan of • Brunei. • 2. 202.

46. EXERCISE 5: STAGE 4: INTERIOR DECORATION (p.27) • How high is the atrium of the hotel? • What does the Shekh want to make the hotel more luxurious? • 80 meters. • The Shekh wants to offer guests every conceivable electronic gadget in their suit.

47. EXERCISE 5: STAGE 4: INTERIOR DECORATION (p.27) • What is the challenge that Rob Ruse, an electrical engineer, faces? • What is the solution of Rob Ruse for the problem he faces? • The hotel will have a lot of electronic devices and electric cables. All these electronics can create a problem known as “harmonic distortion”. This can melt the sheeting around life cables and cause a fire. • He devices a harmonic filter system. First it detects the electronic distortion, then it sends a current. It’s called anti-fase and works like noise cancelling head-phones.

48. EXERCISE 5: STAGE 4: INTERIOR DECORATION  A) Listen and answer the questions. (37:00- 40:30)(p.27) Who is going to design the interior of Burj al Arab? How many palatial suits does Burj al Arab have? • 1. Khuan Chew who has already • worked for the Sultan of • Brunei. • 2. 202.

49. B) Take notes and write down the missing information. (40:30-44:30)(p.27) • Khuan Chew’s aim is to:___________________ • Khuan Chew uses luxurious material in luxurious suits such as:____________________ • The first design of the atrium:______________ • Shekh Mohammed is happy with _______________, but completely rejects ___________________________________ because it’s _______________________ • Unlike the first one, the second design of the atrium is:______________________________

50. B) Answer Key (p.27) • Khuan Chew’s aim is to: shock, to innovate and to amaze the guests with a modern Arab palace. • Khuan Chew uses luxurious material in luxurious suits such as: marbles from Italy and Spain , 22 carat gold, crystal chandeliers woven silver and velvet. • The first design of the atrium: is minimalist. It is all white.