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Understanding Science: Observations, Inferences, and Predictions in Earth Science

This introduction to Earth Science explores the fundamental aspects of scientific inquiry. It highlights science as a method of learning about the natural world through gathering information, such as observing, inferring, and predicting. Observational techniques are divided into quantitative and qualitative types, emphasizing how our senses play a crucial role in data collection. Inferring involves interpreting observations based on prior knowledge, while predicting entails making future forecasts based on past experiences. Understanding these concepts is vital for appreciating scientific exploration.

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Understanding Science: Observations, Inferences, and Predictions in Earth Science

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  1. Introduction to Earth Science What is Science

  2. What is science? • Science is a way of learning about the natural world by gathering information and experimentation. • What are some ways we gather information? • Observing • Inferring • Predicting

  3. What is Observing? • Observing means using one or more senses to gather information. • 5 senses • Sight • Hearing • Touch • Taste • Smell

  4. 2 Different types of Observations • Quantitative observations are measurements or pure data. • Ex. The car has 4 wheels. • Qualitative observations are descriptions that don’t involve numbers or measurements. • Ex. The car is blue.

  5. What is Inferring? • When you explain your observations based on reasoning from what you already know, you are inferring. • Ex. The sky is grey, therefore it is raining. • The questions on the quiz are really hard because Mr. Printz hates me.

  6. What is predicting? • Making a forecast or guess of what will happen in the future based in past experience or evidence. • Mr. Printz ate tacos, therefore he will be in the bathroom later. • Mr. Printz hates me, so there will be a quiz on Friday.

  7. Name the type of observation. • The water in the cup measured 42 ml. • The jar is made of glass. • The train ride took 42 minutes. • I found 12 yellow ribbons in my bag.

  8. Predicting or Inferring? • Mr. Printz gives a lot of quizzes. He walks into class with a stack of papers. You say we are having a quiz. • One direction play a lot of terrible music. You hear that there new album just came out. You say that it is terrible. • Mr. Printz has commitment issues, so he will never get married.

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