Intelligent Transportation Systems in the U.S.: An Overview of Recent Developments August 25, 2003

1. Intelligent Transportation Systems in the U.S.:An Overview of Recent DevelopmentsAugust 25, 2003 Tome Tanevski Graduate Research Assistant George Mason University

2. Presentation Outline • Federal • Historical Context • Reauthorization • ITS Program • Deployment • States • Budget Shortfalls • Key Concerns • Private Sector Snapshot • ETC • Telematics • Long-Term Vision • Cost/Benefit Analysis

3. ITS in Historical Context • New Federalism & the Interstate Hwy System • ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act) (1991) • Shift to Maintenance of Highway System • Christened ITS • Revamped Funding Process → Broader Stakeholder Participation • Est. ITS Program • DOT Mandate: ITS Research, Development, & Deployment – Policy Imperative: Intermodalism • Nat’l ITS Architecture: Components I. Research on Systems Architecture II. Adv Metro Travel Management III. Adv Rural Transport IV. Commercial Vehicle Operations V. Adv Collision-Avoidance & Vehicle Safety VI. Automated Hwy Systems

4. ITS in Historical Context TEA21 (Transportation Efficiency Act for 21st Century) (1998) ● Promoted Widespread Use of ITS ● Required ITS Projects Conform to Nat’l ITS Plan ● Provided Guaranteed Funding to States ● DOT Est. the Joint Program Office (JPO)

5. Reauthorization of TEA-21 Key Concerns: • Funding • Most Controversial Issue • Extremely Tight Budget Environment • Proposals Range up to $60 Billion/Year (from $31.8 Billion FY-2003) • Security • Greater Attn. on Security Aspects of ITS Due to 2001 Terrorist Attacks & War in Afghanistan & Iraq • Fiercer Competition for Funds b/w ITS & Traditional Special “Pavement” Interests • Traffic Congestion • Environmental Streamlining

6. Reauthorization of TEA-21 • Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2003 (SAFETEA) – Administration’s Proposal ● Raises ITS Program Funding ● Proposes $247 Billion Over Six Years ● Notes ITS-A’s “INTI” Concept – Recognizes Need for Integration Transport Network ● iFlorida (DOT funded model deployment Based on INTI) • Senate and House Funding Proposals Vary from $311 and $375 Billion Respectively • Budget Resolution Passed in April: Capped Spending at $283 Billion ● Provides Leeway for Additional Tax Revenue Measure • ITS Security Aspects Playing Large Role

7. ITS Deployment • Toll collection lanes w/ETC – 73% • Toll collection plazas w/ETC – 94% • Toll agencies share common toll tag – 60% • Freeway management agencies disseminating info to public – 26% • Transit operators accept ETC tags for fare payment – 5% • Arterial signal timing adjusted in response to real-time incident info – 31% • Transit routes & schedules adjusted based on real-time freeway condition information – 18% • Fixed route vehicles with AVL – 35% http://itsdeployment2.ed.ornl.gov/its2002/default.asp

8. Long-Term ITS Vision ITS-America Proposal: National Intelligent Transportation Systems Program Plan: A Ten-Year Vision (2002) • Integrated Network of Transportation Information (INTI)* • “Anytime/Anywhere” • Requires Extensive Public-Private Partnerships • Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technologies • Thrust: Technology Driven (Less Reliant on Human Factors) • Automatic Crash and Incident Detection, Notification and Response • Widespread Deployment of Onboard Collision Notification Devices and National Wireless Enhanced 911 Network • Advanced Transportation Management • Automation of Commercial and Public Transport Vehicles

9. the States • Own and Operate Most Highways • Rising Security and Safety Concerns and Traffic Congestion in Urban Centers Creating Strong Incentive/Demand for ITS • Majority of States Affected By Substantial Budgetary Crises Traditional “Pavement” Special Interests vs. ITS Expenditures?? • Highway Funding is Buffered – Federal Support

10. ETC Snapshot • ETC Market Revenues – Self-Generated • Approximately 15 Million Tags in Use • Amounts to 7% of Passenger Vehicle Fleet • No National Standard • FCC Allocated 5.9 GHz Spectrum for ITS Operations (Oct. ’99) – No Rules re. Use, Services, Terms of Operations  E-ZPass Dominates – Controls Over ½ of Market • May Become Nat’l de facto Standard • Intro of HOT Lanes and Opening HOV Lanes to Toll Collection Could Help Address Congestion

11. Telematics Snapshot

12. Telematics Snapshot • GM’s OnStar: Most Successful Commercial Application (In-Vehicle Unit) in U.S. • Ford’s WingCast (Successor to RESCU) was Cancelled Before Rollout in 2002 • U.S. TM Market: Lags Behind Europe & Japan; Expected to Become the Largest • Market Fragmentation, Lack of Standards & Id of Customer Preferences . . . Among Factors for Slow Takeoff

13. Availability of Telematics in U.S., Europe, and Japan Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc. (February 2002)

14. Availability of Telematics Hardware Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc. (August 27, 2002)

15.  Source: Telematics Research group (January 2003).

16. ITS Cost-Benefit Analysis  Govt. Agencies and Businesses Use the Benefit-Cost Ratio to Evaluate and Compare Capital Investment Projects  ITS Community Has Been Criticized for Poor PR Re. Benefits  ITS Project Evaluation is an Emerging Area of Research  Increasingly Being Evaluated  No Clear Consensus

17. For Further Information ITS Benefits & Units Cost Database -Since 1994, USDOT (and Mirtetek Systems) has been collecting information on the impact of ITS projects on the operation of the surface transportation network Website: http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov/ITS/benecost.ns f/byLink/home