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CHAPTER Network Hardware

CHAPTER Network Hardware. Chapter Objectives. Describe the important basic network hardware and the internetworking hardware Discuss the desired characteristics of a server and a workstation Present different switching technologies Examine the routing process with the help of an example.

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CHAPTER Network Hardware

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  1. CHAPTER Network Hardware

  2. Chapter Objectives • Describe the important basic network hardware and the internetworking hardware • Discuss the desired characteristics of a server and a workstation • Present different switching technologies • Examine the routing process with the help of an example

  3. Classification of Basic Network Hardware Components • Network Interface Cards (NICs) • Cables • Connectors • Servers • Workstations

  4. Classification of Internetworking Hardware Components • Line drivers or repeaters • Transceivers • Intelligent hubs • Bridges • Switches • Routers • Gateways

  5. Chapter Modules • Network interface cards • Network connectors and hubs • Server and workstation hardware • Repeater • Bridge • Switch Continued..

  6. Continuation of Chapter Modules • Switching technology • Router • Gateway

  7. END OF CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

  8. MODULE Network Interface Cards (NICs)

  9. Network Interface Card Types • 10BaseT cards • Physical star networks • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Twisted pair wiring • 10base2 cards • Physical bus networks • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Thin coaxial wiring

  10. Continuation of NIC Types • 10Base5 • 10 Mbps speed • Ethernet standard • Thick coaxial wiring • 100BaseTX • 100 Mbps speed • Fast Ethernet standard • Twisted pair • Higher quality Category 5 wires are recommended

  11. Token Ring Cards • Token ring network cards • Earlier token ring cards • 4 Mbps • Newer token ring cards • 16 Mbps

  12. Bus Types for NICs • Card connector types • Newer PCI bus • Older ISA, VESA and EISA bus types • ISA bus width • 16-bit • PCI bus width • Usually 32-bit • Supports 64-bit as well • Used in high-powered network servers

  13. Cable Connections for NICs • BNC barrel connector • Thin coaxial • RJ 45 • Twisted pair

  14. AUI and Combo Cable Connections for NICs • AUI Possibilities • Designed for a thick coaxial cable • Designed for a token ring network • Provided for connecting a transceiver • Combo Cards • Consisting of different ports • BNC, RJ-45, AUI

  15. Possible Combo Card Connections • Thin coaxial cables (BNC) • Twisted pair wires (RJ-45) • Thick coaxial cables (AUI)

  16. Description of an Actual NIC • 10BaseT, PCI card • 10 = speed in Mbps • Base =Ethernet • T = Twisted pair • 32-bit = bus width • PCI = bus technology

  17. END OF MODULE

  18. MODULE Sample Network Interface Cards

  19. Example of a 10Base2 Card BNC Source: Black Box

  20. Example of a 10BaseT Card ISA RJ 45 Source: Black Box

  21. Example of a Combo Card RJ 45 Combo BNC Source: Black Box

  22. END OF MODULE

  23. MODULE Network Connectors and Hubs

  24. Simple Connectors • T connectors • An interface between the NIC and the cables • Terminators • Used at both ends of a bus network T Connector Terminator

  25. Example of T-Connector and Terminator T Connector Terminator Source: Black Box

  26. Connectors : Hubs • Types • Active hub • Passive hub • Passive hubs • Simply provides the physical and the electrical connection for the network • Active hubs • Has built-in intelligence • Some are manageable hubs

  27. Connectors : Passive Hub MAU WS WS WS Hub Connecting A Token-ring Network

  28. An Active Hub Backbone WS Manageable Hub WS Remote Workstation WS Remote Monitor Active Hub

  29. Hub Management Software • Sophisticated • Monitor the network traffic through each of the ports • Becoming popular • Standardized protocol for remote management exists • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

  30. Example of a Hub Used in Ring Network Source: Black Box

  31. Example of Hubs Used in the Star Network Stackable Hubs Source: Black Box

  32. END OF MODULE

  33. MODULE Server and Workstation Hardware

  34. Module Objectives • Give an overview of the different types of the server hardware • Discuss the desired characteristics of a server • Provide a specification for a workstation

  35. Servers • Backbone of a network • Types • Powerful micros • Servers • Super-servers • Sometimes mini-computers are used as servers • In a client-server, the server also acts as an engine of database execution • In general, it is used for the sharing of stored data and application

  36. Desired Characteristics of Server: Processor and Storage Requirement • Powerful processor • Latest Pentium Processor • Multiple processors, if appropriate • Large storage space • Several gigabytes at a minimum • Actual requirement will vary LAN size • Fast disk access speed • Less than 10 ms

  37. Desired Characteristics of a Server: CD-ROM • Fast CD-ROM drives • CD-ROM towers are often preferred

  38. Desired Characteristics of Server: Storage Technology • Better hard disk technology • SCSI • Fast access • Daisy chaining of devices • Latest SCSI technology is required • Possible consideration given to fiber-channel in the future

  39. Desired Characteristics of Server: Bus and Memory Technologies • Better bus technology • PCI • Memory • In excess of 128 Mbytes • SDRAM or similar memory technology functioning at 10 nanoseconds or less • The 128-pin SDRAM is also known as the DIMM chips as opposed to the 72-pin SIMM chips

  40. Desired Characteristics of Server: Reliability • Good back-up facilities • Back-up tape • Uniterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

  41. Fault Tolerant Feature for Servers • RAID storage technology • A system based on multiple disk • Hot-swappable disks • Redundant power supply • Hot-swappable power supply

  42. Workstation • Most applications are executed at the workstation • Therefore, it must be powerful in terms of the processor and the memory • As a rule of thumb, the workstation must be as powerful as it were to be used as a standalone unit to run the applications

  43. Workstation Processor and Memory • Powerful processor • Pentium class processor • Adequate memory • 32 Mbytes or more • DIMM preferred although fast EDO SIMM may also be used

  44. Workstation Storage and Compatibility • Sufficient storage • Storage in gigabytes • Important in a client-server environment • Front-end tools are stored on the workstation • Speed of storage • Ultra DMA or SCSI preferred • EIDE may also be used • Hardware components with appropriate drivers for the client operating system

  45. Reliability • Power surge protector • Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), for critical applications

  46. END OF MODULE

  47. MODULE Repeater

  48. An Overview of Repeaters • Used for extending the physical span of a network • An example is the extension of the distance between a hub and a node • Span is often limited by design considerations • 10base5 • The span is limited to 500 meters

  49. A Repeater Connection Expanding the Span of the Network Source: Black Box

  50. Another Example of Repeater Connection Extending the distance between the backbone and the nodes. Source: Black Box

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