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Blood – The River of Life

Blood – The River of Life. Dr. Carlene Graham A & P II. Blood Volume. Average human has about 5 liters of blood in his body (approximately 10 pts). An adult who weighs 160 pounds has about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood. Functions of Blood. Blood performs two major functions:

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Blood – The River of Life

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  1. Blood – The River of Life Dr. Carlene Graham A & P II

  2. Blood Volume • Average human has about 5 liters of blood in his body (approximately 10 pts). • An adult who weighs 160 pounds has about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood.

  3. Functions of Blood • Blood performs two major functions: • transport through the body of • oxygen and carbon dioxide • food molecules (glucose, lipids, amino acids) • ions (e.g., Na+, Ca2+, HCO3−) • wastes (e.g., urea) • hormones • heat • defense of the body against infections and other foreign materials. All the WBCs participate in these defenses

  4. Fact of Life one tiny drop= 5 million red blood cells

  5. What’s in Blood

  6. Blood Groups • Determined by Antigens – there are two – A & B • There are four blood types • A B AB O

  7. Compatibility =Antigen/Antibody Type Antigen A A antigen not the B B B antigen not the A AB Both the A and B antigens O Neither the A or B antigen

  8. Distribution of Blood Groups TYPEANTIGENANTIBODY A 40% A Anti-b B 11% B Anti-a AB 4% A & B No Anti-a or Anti-b O 45% no both A or B Anti-a and Anti-b

  9. Similar antigens react with similar antibodies • A reaction outside the body between like antibodies and antigens result in blood cells clumping together (Agglutination). • A reaction outside the body between like antibodies and antigens result in bursting of the cells (hemolysis)

  10. Rhesus Factors (Rh) • Based on the rhesus monkey • There are 3 gene code (C,D, & E) for the rh antigens present on the RBC membrane.

  11. Blood types based on RH factor • Rh+ antigens are present on the RBCs • Rh- antigens are not present on the RBCs • Normally the plasma does not contain Rh antibodies

  12. Rh neg individuals who receive Rh+ blood can have their immune systems develop Rh antibodies that will remain in the blood. 85% of Americans are RH + 1005 Japanese, Koreans, Chinese and Native Americans are Rh+

  13. Rh Factor & Pregnancy • A Rh negative mother may be exposed to the RH antigen from the blood cells of a RH+ baby during pregnancy or at the time of birth • This results in hemolytic disease of the newborn

  14. Blood Typing • Blood typing is where samples of blood are tested with known blood typing sera that contain known antibodies. • Cross-matching is where after typing, the donor’s RBCs are mixed with samples of the recipient’s serum for compatible antigens of the blood cells being tested.

  15. BLOOD TYPING TYPING SERUM ANTIBODIES PRESENT Anti A Serum antibody A Anti B serum antibody B Anti Rh (D) Serum antibody D

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