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Government & War

Explore the government changes that took place during the colonial period, including the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights. Learn about the role of the Royal Governor and the Colonial Assembly, as well as the influence of mercantilism. Discover the Albany Plan of Union and the French and Indian War, and how these events shaped the relationship between the colonies and Britain.

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Government & War

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  1. Government & War

  2. Government Changes • Magna Carta • Written in 1215 • King signed to guarantee important rights to noblemen • -Established elections of representatives • Parliament: makes laws with a 2 house legislature • House of Lords/Commons English Bill of Rights – document agreeing to respect the rights of English citizens & Parliament Move toward allowing the people more legal protection

  3. The colonial leaders shared power England did not interfere with colonial affairs Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors Self-government grew in the colonies SalutaryNeglect ROYAL GOVERNOR • Appointed by King • Oversaw colonial trade • Final approval on laws • Could dismiss colonial wishes Colonial Assembly Governor’s Council • Appointed by governor • Advisory board to governor • Acted as high court in colonies • Elected by eligible colonists • Made laws • Had authority to tax • Paid governor’s salary

  4. Mercantilism Colonies supply raw materials and serve as a market for exports -Favorable balance of trade for the mother country England passed Navigation Acts to force colonists to sell raw materials to England -All items bought by other countries had to be taxed -Trade had to occur on English ships Colonists began smuggling

  5. French Empire French had little more than 80,000 people in New World (compared to 1,000,000 British colonists) France established trade alliances with Indians Rivals of England in Europe & wherever their empires met Franceattacked English colonies due to the British invading the French controlled Ohio River Valley trading area

  6. Albany Plan of Union • Ben Franklin’s idea • Called to unite the colonies under a central gov’t • Colonies REJECTED the plan to unite the colonies against the French • Colonies did not want to give too much power to 1 government • Colonies were jealous to share their power • Especially to tax

  7. French & Indian War • 1756 -Britain declared war on France • Over land claims in North America • William Pitt • British Secretary of State • Vowed to pay for & win war at all costs

  8. Treaty of Paris (1763) North America from Atlantic Coast to Appalachian Mtns. Hudson Bay; Newfoundland N. A. from Atlantic to Mississippi; Canada, Florida Canada, St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Ohio River Valley, Haiti N.A. west of the Miss. River, Mexico, Cuba Florida, Mexico, Cuba

  9. Pre-War

  10. Post War

  11. After the War • British gov’t tightened control over the colonies after the war • Contrary to salutary neglect • Proclamation of 1763 • Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers • Stop all expansion west of the Appalachian Mts. • Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests • Military is in charge • Britishused soldiers to enforce the law • People could only trade @ designated points under military supervision

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