Introduction to Cognitive Science (COGN1001)

1. Introduction to Cognitive Science(COGN1001) Psychology Module (i)

2. Nature of Human Mind • Cognitive Psychology • Information processing system • The architecture of the mind

3. Information Processing Model • Computer as an analogy • Select, encode, store & retrieve • Empirical investigation & evidence

4. Sensory Memory • Echoic memory • Iconic memory • Visual summation • Phi phenomenon • E.g., movies • Backward masking

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6. John

7. is

8. going

9. to

10. tell

11. you

12. a

13. story

15. Sensory Memory(cont’d) • Temporal limitation • Brief • Storage • Relatively large • Capacity? • Duration? Sperling (1960) • 3 x 3 letter matrix • 3 x 4 • .15, .30, .50 msecs delay • Whole report • Partial report technique

16. Sensory Memory(cont’d) • Capacity • Relatively large • Duration • 250 msecs • Function: • Information loss: • Decay

18. Attention Theories of Attention • Early selection (Broadbent) • Dichotic listening • Left ear: 7 4 1 • Right ear: 3 2 5

19. Contrasting findings: • Shadowing • Attended message: “They were throwing stones at the bank” • Unattended message: “money” rather “river” • Tended to remember: “They were throwing stones at the financial institution” • Cocktail party phenomenon

20. Attenuation (Treisman) • Late selection (Deutsch & Deutsch) • Capacity model (Kahneman & others)

21. Selective attention • Divided attention • Attention • Unavoidable • E.g., Stroop effect REDBLUEGREENORANGE REDBLUE GREENORANGE

22. Short-term Memory • Encoding • How is information encoded? • Demo

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24. T L P K S J

25. T L P K S J P  B P  R Acoustic confusion

26. Short-term Memory (cont’d) • How can you keep the info in your STM? • Capacity? • Demo

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28. F B I S A R U C S I B M

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31. 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

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34. Lake Bread Jump Sing Song Pen Water Hop Paper Butter

36. F B I S A R U C S I B M (7) 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 (9) Lake Bread Jump Sing Song Pen Water Hop Paper Butter (5)

37. Short-term Memory (cont’d) • Storage limitation • 7 + 2 items (George Miller, 1956) • Chunking 28571017 2857-1017

38. F B I S A R U C S I B M F B I -S A R- U C S- I B M 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 -0 1 1- 1 0 1- 0 0 0- 1 0 1 Lake Bread Jump Sing Song Pen Water Hop Paper Butter Lake Water Bread Butter Jump Hop Sing Song Paper Pen

39. Short-term Memory (cont’d) • Duration? • How can we go about to test it?

40. Working Memory Baddeley (1989) • 3 components: • Articulartory loop • Visuospatial sketchpad • Executive control system (e.g., simple arithmetic) • Limited resources • Digit span & Arithmetic

41. Digit span • English 7.3 • Chinese 9.9

42. Working Memory (cont’d) • Information loss • Displacement • Interference • Decay