Principles and Applications

1. MRes Course SURFACE ENGINEERING Principles and Applications Dr. Hanshan Dong Surface Engineering Group Dept. of Metallurgy & Materials (h.dong.20@bham.ac.uk)

2. Explain what is meant by surface engineering • Describe the principles and applications of SE technologies • Compare and contrast SE technologies • Select SE technology for a specific engineering component • Discuss duplex surface engineering • Understand the principles involved in SE system design AIMS • To introduce the principles of surface engineering • To review specific applications to engineering materials At the end of this course, you should be able to

3. Historical Notes • SE has been practised, in somewhat crude forms, for several thousands years. • Multiple quench in goat urine- carbonitriding “Take a three year old buck goat, ... place a vessel in which you can collect its urine. When enough of this has been collected ... , let out the goat and temper your instruments in the urine”(Theophilus, 11th century). • Chinese archaeological • discoveries • -SEed swords

4. The Milestones • Growing commercial maturity • of laser/plasma/ion beam (1970s) • The establishment of WISE (1983) • The launch of the international journal • Surface Engineering (1985) • The discipline was formally defined in the • European Journal of Engineering Education • (1987). • A Key Technology for the 21st century. [T. Bell, Surface Engineering, 6(1990), 31-40]

5. SE for “Structural” Purpose Wear/friction Corrosion/oxidation Hardness, strength, fatigue Tribological properties Chemical properties Mechanical properties

6. SE for “Functional” Purpose Physical properties Thermal, electrical, Optical & Optoelectronics Magnetic & Recording media Electronics / Semi-conductor Bio-compatibility Wear resistance, fixation Biomedical properties Aesthetic appearance

7. Enormous UK Market • In 1995, £10bn, (affecting products £100bn) • - £4.5bn in structural, product £82.9bn • - £5.5bn in functional, product £12.6bn • By 2005, > £21.3bn (affecting products £143bn) • - £7bn in structural, product £117.3bn • - £14.3bn in functional, product £ 26.5bn (Data from DTI report)

8. Surfaceengineering • involves the use of traditional and innovative surface technologies in the • design of a surface and substrate together to form a functionally graded system • which results in the cost effective performance enhancement of materials and components.

9. Classification of SurfaceEngineering Technologies Surface Coatings Surface Modification surface composition and/or microstructure is modified a layer of different material is added to the surface Duplex Surface Engineering

11. Surface Engineering a wide-ranging technology

12. Thickness of a surface engineered layer Surface coating thickness above Surface modification thickness below

14. SURFACE ENGINEERING An Enabling Technology

15. Surface Engineering:an all-encompassinginterdisciplinary technology

16. Coating asthermal barrier

17. Manufacturing TiN coated gears CrC coated die

18. SE in Computer Head Head, disk protection Data storage Magneticlayer DiscSubstrate

19. SURFACE ENGINEERING An Enabling Technology applicable to allclasses of materials A Wide-Ranging Technology capable of greatly enhancing a range of properties An All-Encompassing Interdisciplinary Technology valuable for virtually all industrial sectors

20. The Recommended Reading List: • E Tyrkiel and P Dearnley, A Guide to Surface Engineering Terminology, The Institute of Materials, 1995. • DTI, Wear Resistant Surfaces in Engineering-A guide to their production, properties and selection, Crown, 1986 • D S Rickerby and A Matthews, Advanced Surface Coatings, Blackie, 1991. • C M Catherine et al., ASM Handbook, Vol.5: Surface Engineering, ASM International, 1994. • Nasurf, Surface Engineering Handbook, Kogan page, 1998. • International Journal, Surface Engineering, 1985-