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Chapters 8 through 10

Chapters 8 through 10. Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400. Terms End of the Beginning Transformation of the Roman World New Germanic Kingdoms Franks Role of the Church Monks and their Mission Church Support for Clovis’ Descendants Charlemagne and the Carolingians Intellectual Renewal

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Chapters 8 through 10

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  1. Chapters 8 through 10 Europe in the Middle Ages: 500-1400

  2. Terms • End of the Beginning • Transformation of the Roman World • New Germanic Kingdoms • Franks • Role of the Church • Monks and their Mission • Church Support for Clovis’ Descendants • Charlemagne and the Carolingians • Intellectual Renewal • Daily Life • Family, Marriage, Sexuality • Diet and Health

  3. Lords and Vassals • Invasions of the 9th and 10th century • Muslims • Magyars • Vikings • Development of Fief Holding • Subinfeudination • Feudal Contract

  4. Evolution of European Kingdoms • England in the High Middle Ages • William • Henry II • Richard • John • Edward I • Daily World • New Agriculture • Manorial System • Nobility • Daily Life • Role of Women • Peasants / Serfs • Daily Life • Role of Women

  5. Life in the Medieval City • Daily Life • Mores • Culture of the High Middle Ages • Universities • Scholasticism • Crusades • Castles • Conclusion

  6. I. TERMS MIDDLE AGES: 378 – 1400 Dark Ages 378 - 800 Middle Ages 800 - 1300 High Middle Ages 1300 - 1400 6

  7. II. END OF THE BEGINNING 250 – migrations Visogoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, Franks, Alemanni, Burgundians, Lombards BUT FOR THE HUNS 8

  8. Transformation of the Roman World • New Germanic Kingdoms • Kingdom of the Franks • Line of Merovingian kings – Clovis I (481-511) • Role of the Christian Church • Link to ancient world – time of order and structure • Church role • Council of Nicea, 325 • Heresy • Cluniac Reform Movement • Augustine • Petrine Doctrine • Interdict • Purgatory • Concordat of Worms 1122 10

  9. Monks and Their Mission • Ascetism • St Francis • Church support for descendants of Clovis – OUT OF NEED • ‘Hammer’ – Charles Martel • Charles Martel’s son – Pepin • first Carolingian King 741 12

  10. Charlemagne and the Carolingians Charlemagne extended Frankish power by conquest over virtually all of Gaul and into Germany and Italy Symbolized fusion of Roman, Germanic and Christian culture Missi dominici Rise of other powers – Normans, Saxons

  11. Intellectual Renewal • recruited intellectuals from England, Spain, Ireland, Italy to lead an educational reform program

  12. Daily Life • Family, Marriage, Sexuality civil institution ~ church Marriages arranged by fathers

  13. Diet and health BREAD Lower classes; Upper class:

  14. Lords and Vassals • Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries • Muslims • Stopped at battle of Poitiers, 732 by Charles Martel – France • Stopped at Constantinople in 717. • Magyars from western Asia • Magyars defeated at battle of Lechfeld, 955; converted to Christianity • The Vikings • Norsemen out of Norway • Reasons for invasions • Development of Fief-Holding • Breakdown of government • Vassalage • Fief

  15. Subinfeudation • Feudal contract of fief holding • Vassal ~ Lord • Lord ~ Vassal

  16. Evolution of European Kingdoms Cast of Characters: Anglo-Saxons Normans 26

  17. England in the High Middle Ages • William of Normandy • Origins: • King Edward • Harold Godwinson • 1066 – Battle of Hastings. • Feudalism • English language • Domesday Book (Doomsday)

  18. Henry II (1154-1189), Plantagenet • Born March 1133, crowned 1154. • Eleanor of Aquitaine. Marries her 1152. • Thomas à Becket • 1173 – Revolt. • 1183 – 2nd Revolt by Henry’s son Henry.

  19. Richard the Lion-Hearted • Legends and myths • 10 year reign • Crusades – 3rd Crusade, September 1190 • June 1191 – Arrives at Acre to relieve city of siege from Saladin • Captured by Leopold V ~ Henry VI • Brother – John • 1199 – France

  20. John (1199-1216) • Loss of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and Brittany • Identity • Magna Carta, June 12, 1215

  21. Edward I (1272-1307) • Longshanks • Born 1239. • 1st – Eleanor of Castile • 2nd - Marguerite of France • Military: • 8th – 9th Crusades • Welsh wars 1260s • Scottish wars 1291-1305ish • English Parliament, 1295 • Two knights from every county and two residents from each town meet with the Grand Council • House of Lords and House of Commons • Law made in consultation with representatives 42

  22. Daily World • The New Agriculture • The Manorial system • manor sustained the three orders of medieval society • Noble • Pray – Clergy • Fight – Knights • Serfs / Peasants • Nobles • Demesne • Daily Life • Aristocratic Women • Serfs / Peasants • Daily Life • Role of Women

  23. Daily Life in the Medieval City • Daily Life • Mores • Industry in Medieval Cities Guilds 45

  24. The Culture of the High Middle Ages • Rise of universities • Irnerius (1088-1125), Bologna • University of Paris • Oxford • Liberal arts curriculum • Development of Scholasticism • Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), Summa Theologica • Vernacular literature

  25. The Crusades • 7th century (638) – control of Jerusalem up until that time ? • In 1071, Byzantine forces routed and Constantinople in question – called upon Europe for help. • 1095 – Council of Clermont – Pope Urban II • 1st Crusade 1095-1099 • One important result of 1st crusade was economic growth for Italy. • Arab unity • 2nd Crusade: • 3rd Crusade - 1189 • 4th Crusade turned against the Venetians • Children’s Crusade - 1212 • 5th Crusade - 1219 • 6th Crusade led by Frederick II resulted in retaking Jerusalem w/o a fight. • Large civilian population killed, Arab unity

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