S.S. Vocabulary List

1. S.S. Vocabulary List • Location- One of the 5 themes of geography, location describes where something is. • Absolute Location- One of the two types of location which tells you exactly where something is. Examples are: Latitude Longitude, Address, ETC. Example: Coach George’s classroom is 704. • Relative Location- A location that is “related to” something else. For example, Coach George’s classroom is across the hall from Coach Alley’s classroom.

2. SS Vocabulary List • Latitude: Imaginary lines that circle the globe running east to west. Lines of latitude measure distance North and South of the Equator (O* Latitude). • Longitude: Imaginary lines that circle the globe running north and south. Lines of longitude measure distance East and West of the Prime Meridian (O* Longitude).

3. SS Vocabulary List • Primary Source: A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Some • Secondary Source: A secondary a source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.

4. S.S. Vocabulary List • Equator: The imaginary line at 0* latitude that divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. • Prime Meridian: The imaginary line at 0* longitude that divides the earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. • International Date Line: The imaginary line at 180* longitude that is the “back side” of the Prime Meridian. The IDL is the same line as the PM on the other side of the globe where the new day begins!

5. SS Vocabulary List • Movement: One of the 5 themes of geography, movement looks at why and how people and things move. • Place: One of the 5 themes of geography, a place describes the features that make a location unique. Example, Washington D.C. has many great monuments.

6. SS Vocabulary List • Regions: One of the 5 themes of geography, regions are areas that share common characteristics. Example: All of the states that border the Gulf of Mexico are known as the Gulf Coast States. • Human Environment Interaction: One of the 5 themes of geography, it explains how people interact with the environment and how their environment interacts with them. Example: Humans cut down trees to make room for houses and cutting down trees is though to be a cause of global warming.

7. SS Vocabulary List • Physical Geography: the branch of geography concerned with natural features of the earth's surface, such as landforms, drainage features, climates, soils, and vegetation.

8. SS Vocabulary List • Climate: The average weather conditions for a long period of time. The “prediction” of what weather will be like (what you expect). Climate gets colder the higher in elevation or further you move away from the equator. It gets warmer the closer you get to the equator. • Weather: The hour by hour temperature and precipitation (what you get). EX: Today is sunny, tomorrow might rain.

9. SS Vocabulary List • Poverty: the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. • Topography: Graphic representation of the surface features of a place or region on a map, indicating their relative positions and elevations. The topography of an area can best be represented by a topographical, elevation, or physical map.

10. SS Vocabulary List • Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people have in common. EX: Language, Religion, Customs, ETC. • Cultural Trait: an activity or behavior in which people of a culture take part. Example: Eating with chopsticks.

11. SS Vocabulary List • Cultural Diversity: Having a variety of cultures in the same area. • Cultural Region: An area that in which people share many cultural traits (language, religion, ethnicity, ETC).

12. SS Vocabulary List • Plate Tectonics: The theory that the Earth is divided into a dozen or so slow moving plates. The two types of plates are continental and oceanic plates. • Continental Drift: The theory by Alfred Wegener that suggests that all the continents were once one piece (PANGEA) and they all drifted apart over millions of years.

13. SS Vocabulary List • Commercial Farming: Commercial Farming is to farm to make a financial living. In today's world, a small percentage of the population farms for the rest of the world population. • Subsistence Farming: farming whose products are intended to provide for the basic needs of the farmer, with little surplus for marketing.

14. SS Vocabulary List • Demographics: Statistical data of a population. Some demographic concepts include population distribution, population density, growth rate, family size, and infant mortality. • Infant Mortality Rate: the death rate during the first year of life. This information is listed by country. • Growth Rate: In terms of demographic concepts, growth rare refers to the yearly increase or decrease in population for an area. .

15. SS Vocabulary List • Non-Renewable: A resource that can not be reproduced. Once it is used, it can not be replaced. Two examples of non-renewable resources are oil and coal. • Renewable: Any natural resource that can replenish itself naturally over time. Examples of renewable resources include: Water, Air, Trees, Wind, etc.

16. SS Vocabulary List • Occupation: possession, settlement, or use of land or property • Famine: A shortage of food. • International: pertaining to the relations between two or more nations

17. SS Vocabulary List • Political Map: A map that shows man made features such as boundaries, states, and major cities. • Physical Map: A map that shows physical features of the Earth, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. It shows things not man made!

18. SS Vocabulary List • Deforestation: The mass removal of an area’s trees/forest. • Global Warming: Global warming is the theory that there has been an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. Air pollution is one of the most known associated causes of global warming.

19. SS Vocabulary List • Import: To bring products into a country from another country. • Export: To send/ship/sell products to another country.

20. SS Vocabulary List • OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. These countries have formed to control the supply and demand of oil prices in the world. All the member countries have large oil resources. By controlling the supply, they control demand. • After you copy the vocabulary, get a calculator and get out your bell work.

21. SS Vocabulary List • Domestic: produced or made within one's own country. • Embargo: A limit placed on trade with countries. • Dictatorship: a country, government, or the form of government in which absolute power is exercised by a dictator.

22. S.S. Vocabulary List • Barter: to trade by exchange of commodities rather than by the use of money. • Tariff: A fee or a tax placed on a trade. A government tax on imports or exports.

23. SS Vocabulary List • Topography: Graphic representation of the surface features of a place or region on a map, indicating their relative positions and elevations. The topography of an area can best be represented by a topographical, elevation, or physical map. • Fjord: a long, narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs: usually formed by glacial erosion. • Exploration: the investigation of unknown regions

24. SS Vocabulary List • Lagoon: an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes. • Estuary: that part of the mouth or lower course of a river in which the river's current meets the sea's tide.

25. SS Vocabulary List • Culture: the set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people have in common. • Drought: A long period without rain. • Scarcity: A shortness of supply (resources). • Immigration: To enter and settle in a country or region to which one is not native.

26. SS Vocabulary List • Autocracy: This is the oldest form of government in the world. Any government with one single ruler. • Political System: the members of a social organization who are in power. Examples are: Monarchy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, Dictatorship, Democracy.

27. SS Vocabulary List • Stephen Harper: Prime Minister of Canada. • Hu Jintao: President of China • Felipe Calderon: President of Mexico • Gordon Brown: Prime Minister of United Kingdom

28. SS Vocabulary List • NAFTA: An agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada that allows for free trade among the 3 countries. No tariffs! • Communism: The economic theory in which the government take complete control of the economy and government. The government controls the production and distribution of goods.

29. SS Vocabulary List • Capitalism: The economic theory in which the government has NO CONTROL in setting production and distribution of goods. Private individuals and companies sustain the economy. • Balance of Trade: The total value of all imports and exports. To have a positive balance of trade, a country will want to export (sells) more than it imports (buys).

30. SS Vocabulary List • Urbanization: The movement of people from rural to urban areas. The main cause is industrial development, Positive consequences are more jobs, education, & opportunities. Negatives are more crime, pollution, overcrowding, and low quality of schools and hospitals.

31. S.S. Vocabulary List • Pratibha Patil: President of India • Dmitri Medvedev: President of Russia • Barack Obama: President of U.S from 2009-Present

32. SS Vocabulary List • Resource Allocation: a plan for using available resources. • Phenomena: a fact or occurrence that can be observed. • Thematic: Coming from the word “theme,” thematic maps show diverse (or different) kinds of information. For example, a map of North America can be made to show different information, such as: Climate, Language Groups, Religion Groups, etc.

33. SS Vocabulary List • Christianity: a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Largest religion with almost 2 billion followers. • Judaism: the oldest monotheistic religion, Judaism was founded in 2000 B.C. Jews believe they are God’s chosen people. They also believe Jesus was a prophet. Smallest religion with 14 million followers.

34. Islam: a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed. This is the major religion in the Middle East and Northern Africa. 2nd largest religion with 1 billion followers. • Domestic: Pertaining to goods made and sold inside a country. • International Goods: Pertaining to goods made in a country to be sold outside the country.

35. SS Vocabulary List • Hinduism: The dominant religion in India. This religion believes in reincarnation and the social system known as the caste system. No single founder. • Buddhism: Religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama- The Buddha. Believe in reincarnation. The religion based on the 8 Fold Path, which ends at Nirvana. Nirvana is a state of perfect peace in which suffering and reincarnation end.

36. SS Vocabulary List • Protectionism: Economics. the theory, practice, or system of fostering or developing domestic industries by protecting them from foreign competition by placing limits on imports. • Economic System: the system of production and distribution and consumption of goods.

37. SS Vocabulary List • Himalayas: World’s tallest mountain range that forms the border of China and the Indian Sub Continent. Mt Everest, world’s tallest mountain is here. • Yellow River: Flows through northern China. Called the Yellow river because of the Loess (fertile, yellow soil) that flows down it. Each summer when the river floods, the loess is spread on the soil and makes it fertile for farming. • Ganges River: River running from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean. The river provides fertile soil and water to people living around it. Known as the Ganges Plain, India’s farming heartland is located here.