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Alfred Hitchcock

“A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the babysitter were worth it.”. Alfred Hitchcock. BCIS 3615 The Visual Display of Business Information. Introduction to Video. Popular Mechanics, April 1928. Brief History of Video.

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Alfred Hitchcock

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  1. “A good film is when the price of the dinner, the theatre admission and the babysitter were worth it.” Alfred Hitchcock

  2. BCIS 3615The Visual Display of Business Information Introduction to Video Popular Mechanics, April 1928

  3. Brief History of Video 1920’s: First technology experiments 1927:The Jazz Singer with sound 1930’s: Early formal broadcasts (UK, Germany, France, USA) 1946: TV boom in USA 1950: Cable television (PA, OR) 1953: First color broadcasts

  4. Brief History of Video 1956: Video tape 1962: Telstarsatellite 1980’s: Multimedia PCs emerge 1996: 1+ billion TVs worldwide* 1996: WRAL-HD 1st HDTV station (Raleigh, NC) 1997: DVD

  5. Sample Early Video Broadcast RCA in New York, 1926 A rotating ceramic statue of Felix the Cat, 2 inches high, 60 lines per screen

  6. Sample Early UK Video Sept. 1927 Phonovision, by John Baird, 1928

  7. Hollywood Adds Sound to Movies The Jazz Singer, 1927

  8. Hollywood Sound Growing Pains From silent to talking pictures - Singing in the Rain (1952).mpg

  9. RCA Phantom Teleceiver NY World’s Fair, 1939

  10. Global TV Standards NTSC SECAM PAL PAL-M 1948 1957 1961 1964

  11. Aspect Ratios Admiral Console TV, 1951

  12. Wikipedia.org

  13. Aspect Ratio www.pocketburgers.com Display Aspect Ratio (DAR), e.g., 4 : 3, 16 : 9 Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR), e.g, 640 x 480, 1080 x 720

  14. Aspect Ratio in the Theatre BF Keith Memorial Theatre, Boston

  15. classicalwainui.wordpress.com

  16. Display Aspect Ratio The Great Train Robbery (1903) How film appears on screen Old film and TV standard is 4 x 3 (1.33 : 1)

  17. Growth of USA TV Ownership Hollywood starts to panic Most Hollywood movies now are larger than 4:3 Most Hollywood movies are 4:3

  18. Wide Screen Processes Anamorphic (squeeze / unsqueeze)(2.35 : 1) “CinemaScope” 1953 Aperture masks (“hard matte”) (up to 1.85 : 1) 1953 Rotation (sideways 35 mm image) (ex., 1.5 : 1) “Vistavision” 1954 Larger film size (70 mm) (2.76 : 1) 1959

  19. Anamorphic Lens Example 2.35 : 1 1.33 : 1 2.35 : 1 The Robe (1953)

  20. Anamorphic Lens Example 1.33 : 1 The Robe (1953)

  21. Rotation: VistaVision White Christmas (1954)

  22. 70mm: Ben-Hur (1959)

  23. 2.65 : 1 for Movie Theater Laurence of Arabia (1962)

  24. 1.33 : 1 for Television Laurence of Arabia (1962)

  25. Widescreen Truncated on TV McLintock! (1963)

  26. The TV Industry Response: Display Format Changes

  27. Widescreen vs Pan and Scan TCM Letterbox-Pan&Scan formats 2012.mpg

  28. Movie Format Changes for TV Pan and scan format: moves the video camera back and forth across the widescreen film when taping it Letterbox format:shows everything, but in reduced size

  29. But, the Solutions are Imperfect • Pan and scan format: • shows the most important action • uses all the TV screen • 30 to 60 percent of the movie is still lost • Letterbox format: • shows everything in reduced size • uses part of the TV screen • 30 to 60 percent of the screen is wasted

  30. Different Aspect Ratios Abound

  31. The Director’s Message is Changed

  32. The Current Solution: Large HD Television

  33. Large, High-PAR, High-Lumen Displays • DAR changed from 4 : 3 to 16 : 9 • Displays can be large • LCD screens • Digital projection • Pixel densities can be high • Color can be brilliant

  34. HD technology and beyond

  35. Digital Versatile / Video Disk (DVD) • Replaces • CD-ROM (also supported by player) • Audio CD (also supported by player) • Laser videodisc • Offers support for 4 x 3 DAR • Maximizes HD with 16 x 9 DAR and high computer PAR

  36. 4.7 GB (clear layer) 8.5 GB (dual layer; = 13 CDs) 9.4 GB (one layer) 17 GB (dual layer; = 26 CDs) 133 min. MPEG-2 5-channel Dolby DSS CD-ROM versus DVD Capabilities 650 / 800 MB Single-sided 19 min. of video Stereo (2-channel)

  37. Natural Light versus Polarized Laser Light Encarta 2004

  38. Natural Light Wave Lengths Longer waves Shorter waves Thompson Higher Education 2007

  39. Red, Red-Orange Laser Technologies Sony (10/98)

  40. Hollywood Paranoia Again: DVD Regions

  41. Screen Scanning Methods • Interlaced (i) • Less signal bandwidth required • Alternate even / odd scanning • Larger screen sizes will show flicker • Progressive (p) • More bandwidth required • Entire screen scanned at once

  42. Digital Screen Scanning not Standard • TV 425 lines at 4 x 3 DAR • HD Specs at 16 x 9 DAR • 720 x 1280 i PAR • 720 x 1280 p PAR (Most HD TV) • 1080 x 1920 i PAR (Some HD TV) • 1080 x 1920 p PAR (Blue-Ray DVD)

  43. Blue Laser DVD: Already Obsolete? • Now: 2 layers, 25GB • Future: 16 layers, 500 GB • But what about flash memory • Fast, fast, fast • No HW player • No moving parts • Doesn't scratch • Memory prices dropping rapidly

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