2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles

1. 2011-12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo BIntroduction to English Linguisticsprof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 5 Word formation

2. CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY

3. swim • CONVERSION • when a word changes its word class to swim (verb) a swim (noun)

4. CONVERSION • to rain rain • to bicycle a bicycle • to cheat a cheat

5. NATO, CNN • INITIALISMS see slide 21 ff.

6. ping-pong, teeny-weeny • REDUPLICATION • a lexeme with two identical, or very similar, constituents

7. motel, brunch, heliport • BLENDING • when a word is made out of shortened forms of other words • BR-eakfast + l-UNCH = BRUNCH

8. motel heliport mo-tor? + ho-tel heli-copter + air-port BLENDING

9. gas • CLIPPING • when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form gasoline gas

10. burger deli mike hamburger delicatessen microphone CLIPPING

11. edit, televise, demo • BACK FORMATION • When a word of one type is reduced to form a word of a different type editor edit

12. BACK FORMATION • television televise • demonstration demo

13. Aussie • HYPOCORISM • A longer word is reduced to a single syllable and then -y or -ie is added • Australian Auss + -ie Aussie

14. HYPOCORISM • moving picture move + ie movie

15. quack, woof • ONOMATOPEIA • When a word is created to sound like the thing it names

16. Darwinian • EPONYM • when a word is derived from the name of a person

17. EPONYMY • Buzz Lightyear is derived from Buzz Aldrin the astronaut • Garibaldi biscuits were marketed in England after Garibaldi’s visit (and you can still buy them)

18. nylon, aspirin • COINAGE • the invention of a totally new word This often occurs with scientific names and trade names of new products

19. Quiz (1) • vet = clipping • fantabulous = blending (fantastic + fabulous) • Google = coinage (a new invention) • to Google (vb) = conversion from Google (noun) • doc = clipping (from doctor) • zig-zag =reduplication • fahrenheit = eponym

20. Quiz (2) • ‘Sob!’ = onomatopeia • hankie = hypocorism • AIDS = acronymy • to biograph = back-formation from biography (noun) • infotainment = blending (information + entertainment) • to party = conversion from party (noun)

21. INITIALISMS Acronymy • When the form is pronounced as a single word (NATO, AIDS) Alphabetism • When the form is pronounced by its letters (BBC, CNN)

22. INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (1) • Initials used as WORDS y Why? q Queue ruok Are you OK? cu See you

23. INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (2) • Initials used for elements in COMPOUND WORDS gf girlfriend dl download w/e weekend

24. INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (3) • Initials used for words in PHRASES cwot complete waste of time imo in my opinion np no problem

25. INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (4) • Initials used for words in ELLIPTICAL or WHOLE SENTENCES lol Laughing out loud jk Just kidding swdyt So what do you think? cmb Call me back

26. INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (5) • Initials used for words in EXCLAMATIONS omg Oh my God! Yyssw Yeah, yeah, sure, sure, whatever !

27. Semantic change

28. Original languages

29. Semantic borrowing

30. Calques - loan translations • from skyscraper to grattaciel • from ubermensch to superman • from hot dogs to perros calientes • from boyfriend to boifurendo

31. Grammaticalisationwhat’s the rule?

32. paninos, paninis ………..

33. Other types of semantic change • euphemism • politically correct language

34. a long illness economical with the truth adult video industrial action cancer liar pornography strike Euphemism

35. Politically correct language • Political correctness (often abbreviated to PC) is a term used to describe language or behaviour that is intended to provide a minimum of offence, particularly to racial, cultural, or other identity groups. A text that conforms to the ideals of political correctness is said to be politically correct.