1 / 23

PO 407 Flight Operations

PO 407 Flight Operations. 407.01 Introduction and Winds. Outline. Soaring Gliders other than the 2-33 PIC responsibilities How to determine wind direction and speed while airborne Minimum sink speed and best L/D speed Gliding for maximum distance in different conditions

boris
Download Presentation

PO 407 Flight Operations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. PO 407Flight Operations 407.01 Introduction and Winds

  2. Outline • Soaring • Gliders other than the 2-33 • PIC responsibilities • How to determine wind direction and speed while airborne • Minimum sink speed and best L/D speed • Gliding for maximum distance in different conditions • Effects of high winds and thunderstorms

  3. Soaring - Canada • Is considered a sport and popular throughout the world • Soaring Association of Canada (SAC) is the National association for glider pilots in Canada • About 25 SAC clubs across the country • Longer flights/greater distances

  4. Soaring - World • Competitions, including world competitions • Popular online competitions – uploading computer records of flights • Aerobatic competitions

  5. Other Gliders • Past construction: wood, fabric, and metal • Now: fiberglass or composites • Commonly referred to as sailplanes • Some common gliders include • Blanik (L13 and L23) • ASK-21 • Grob G103 • DG 1000

  6. Blanik L-23

  7. Grob G103

  8. DG 1000

  9. ASK 21

  10. PIC Responsibilities • Some clubs and organizations (like the ACGP) provide structure or rules • Ultimately the pilot’s responsibility to ensure safe flying

  11. Responsibilities • Dress appropriately • “IMSAFE” checklist • Currency • Licenses • Check the weather (current and forecast) • Glider properly rigged and complete a DI

  12. Responsibilities Cont. • Check the documents • Clean the aircraft if necessary • If new (or not recent) to the glider, obtain a thorough briefing and training • Brief passengers (if applicable) • Confirm weight and balance

  13. Determine Wind Direction and Speed When Airborne • Reported wind from ATC/FSS • Wind sock • Smoke • Flags • Ripples in trees, water or crops • Cloud movement • Path of shadows over ground • Dust off roads • Drift (if below 1000’)

  14. Glide Distance How far can YOU glide?

  15. Definitions • Best Glide Speed or Best L/D: • The airspeed which results in the flattest glide angle for a particular glider in still air • Glide Ratio: • Ratio of units of distance traveled forward per unit of altitude lost • Minimum sink speed: • Speed at which you will lose the least amount of height over a given time

  16. Speeds to Fly • No wind – fly best L/D • Against the wind – add one half the estimated wind speed to your best L/D • With the wind – slow down by one quarter of the estimated tailwind (no slower than minimum sink) • In lift – decrease speed as lift increase (no less than minimum sink) • In sink – increase speed as sink increases (do not exceed VNE)

  17. Calculations • We can only calculate approximate distances that a glider can cover using the altitude, glide ratio, approx. wind speed, and speed to fly • Example: • Flying in a 2-33A at 3000’ AGL, flying speed-to-fly in a 20 MPH tailwind, approximately how many nautical miles will you travel before you reach circuit altitude?

  18. Steps • Calculate usable altitude and distance • Calculate speed to fly • Calculate groundspeed • Divide groundspeed by speed to fly • This gives you your wind-distance modifier • Recalculate distance multiplying by modifier • Convert to NM

  19. Example Solution • Glide Ratio: 23:1 • Height: 3000’-1000’ = 2000’x23 = 46 000’ • Speed-to-fly (20mph tailwind) 50 - 5 = 45mph • Ground Speed (V+/- Wind) 45 + 20 = 65 mph • Ground Speed / Speed-to-fly = 65/45 (13/9) • 13 / 9 X 46 000 = 598,000 / 9 = 66 444 • 66 444 / 6080 = 11 NM (10.928289 NM)

  20. Example 2 • Calculate your glide distance assuming the following: • SGS 2-33A • Headwind of 15 kts • 4000’ altitude, and you want to reach 1000’. • Answer: 8.4 NM

  21. Example 2 Solution • Glide Ratio: 23:1 L/D: 50mph Headwind: 15kts • Altitude: 4000-1000=3000 • Distance: 3000x23=69 000 • Spd to Fly =57.5 (50+15/2) • Grnd Spd =42.5 (57.5-15) • 42.5/57.5 = 0.739 x69 000 = 51 000 • Final Answer: 51000/6080 = 8.4 NM

  22. Questions?

More Related